Grey theory is an essential uncertain knowledge acquisition method for small sample, poor information. The classic grey theory does not adequately take into account the distribution of data set and lacks the effective methods to analyze and mine big sample in multigranularity. In view of the universality of the normal distribution, the normality grey number is proposed. Then, the corresponding ...

It is well known that the notion of a system is rather broad, and can be traced to antiquity. So to speak, any an object investigated, such as the motion of a macroscopic particle, or some socioeconomic phenomenon, may be qualified as a system. Systems such as social, economic, agricultural, industrial, ecological, and biological systems are usually those of great complexity. These complicated ...

Understanding correlation between influential factors and insurance losses is beneficial for insurers to accurately price and modify the bonus-malus system. Although there have been a certain number of achievements in insurance losses and claims modeling, limited efforts focus on exploring the relative role of accidents characteristics in insurance losses. The primary objective of this study is...