The first and second order Raman spectra of graphite during the first lithiation and delithiation have been investigated in a typical lithium-ion battery electrolyte. In situ, real-time Raman measurements under potential control enable the probing of the graphitic negative electrode surface region during ion insertion and extraction. The experimental results reveal the staging formation of a si...

The synthesis of graphene with controllable electronic and mechanical characteristics is of significant importance for its application in various fields ranging from drug delivery to energy storage. Electrochemical exfoliation of graphite has yielded graphene with widely varying behavior and could be a suitable approach. Currently, however the limited understanding of the exfoliation process ob...

INTRODUCTION Electrolytes typically used in lithium batteries consist of a lithium salt dissolved in an organic solvent, or a mixture of these solvents. The solvents fall into two general classes: ethers or alkyl esters of carbonic acid. Because of lower volatility and higher flash point, the organic carbonates are the preferred solvent class in commercial batteries. Propylene carbonate (PC) ha...