The present study characterizes the neural correlates of noun and verb imageability and addresses the question of whether components of the neural network supporting word recognition can be separately modiWed by variations in grammatical class and imageability. We examined the eVect of imageability on BOLD signal during single-word comprehension of nouns and verbs. Subjects made semantic simila...

Many languages have a grammatical gender system whereby all nouns are assigned a gender (most commonly feminine, masculine, or neuter). Two studies examined whether (1) the assignment of genders to nouns is truly arbitrary (as has been claimed), and (2) whether the grammatical genders assigned to nouns have semantic consequences. In the first study, English speakers’ intuitions about the gender...

Grammatical Evolution is an evolutionary algorithm that can evolve complete programs using a Backus Naur form grammar as a plug-in component to describe the output language. An important issue of Grammatical Evolution, and evolutionary computation in general, is the difficulty in dealing with deceptive problems and avoid premature convergence to local optima. Novelty search is a recent techniqu...

Previous research, for example in English, French, German, and Spanish, has investigated the interplay between grammatical gender information and stereotype gender information (e.g., that secretaries are usually female, in many cultures), in the interpretation of both singular noun phrases (the secretary) and plural nouns phrases, particularly so-called generic masculines-nouns that have mascul...

During the grammatical encoding of spoken multiword utterances, various kinds of information must be used to determine the order of words. For example, whereas in adjective-noun utterances like "red car," word order can be determined on the basis of the word's grammatical class information, in noun-noun utterances like "... by car, bus, or ...," word order cannot be determined on the basis of a...

In this paper, we consider the characterization of the bentness of quadratic Boolean functions of the form f(x) = ∑ m 2 −1 i=1 Tr n 1 (cix 1+2ei)+Tr n/2 1 (cm/2x 1+2n/2), where n = me, m is even and ci ∈ GF (2 ). For a general m, it is difficult to determine the bentness of these functions. We present the bentness of quadratic Boolean function for two cases: m = 2p and m = 2pq, where p and q ar...

We show that multiplication complexities of n-term Karatsuba-Like formulae of GF (2)[x] (7 < n < 19) presented in the above paper can be further improved using the Chinese Remainder Theorem and the construction multiplication modulo (x−∞).

In this paper we introduce GF-compactifications, which are compactifications of GF-spaces (a new notion introduced by the authors). We study properties of this new kind of compactification and prove that every GF-compactification is of Wallman type. We also prove that every metrizable compactification of a metric space X is a GF-compactification and, as a corollary, that every metric compactifi...

We present an investigation into the genotypephenotype map in Position Independent Grammatical Evolution (πGE). Previous studies have shown πGE to exhibit a performance increase over standard Grammatical Evolution (GE). The only difference between the two approaches is in how the genotype-phenotype mapping process is performed. GE uses a leftmost non terminal expansion, while πGE evolves the or...