A 0.4C-2Si-1Cr-1Mo steel with an ultrafine elongated grain (UFEG) structure and an ultrafine equiaxed grain (UFG) structure was fabricated by multipass caliber rolling at 773 K and subsequent annealing at 973 K. A static three-point bending test was conducted at ambient temperature and at 77 K. The strength-toughness balance of the developed steels was markedly better than that of conventionall...

Orthopedic and dental implants made of ?-type Ti alloys have low elastic modulus which can better relieve the stress shielding effects after surgical implantation. Nevertheless, clinical application is hampered by insufficient mechanical strength gradual release pro-inflammatory metallic ions under physiological conditions. In this study, Ti-45Nb alloy subjected to high-pressure torsion (HPT) p...