This paper examines newspaper cartels, a largely unoccupied field in media history, from the perspective of longevity. We analyse Finnish industry 1910s to 1970s and show that newspapers sought regulate various aspects competition, such as subscription prices, advertisement tariffs, newsprint prices. Data indicates political rivalry shaped cartel collaboration until late 1950s: was set up by ri...

The position of the British government on Iraqi-Iranian war 1980-1988, especially at its beginning, was particular importance in drawing lines various relations with Iraqi government, which beginning a race against time to provide weapons, ammunition and military equipment from major industrial countries their companies this area. In view Britain adopting neutral stance towards war, is difficul...

The quality of laboratory analytical performance required to support medical decision-making has been defined in four major ways: (a) by the analytical variance of the state of the practice; (b) by the total variance, including analytical and biological variability; (c) by the loss of diagnostic efficiency attributable to analytical error; and (d) by medical-usefulness criteria. From the federa...

Governments situated on the same level of a multi-level governmental system compete with each other as well as with governments placed higher or lower. This paper is concerned with horizontal competition only. It discusses both competition based on the mobility of agents and competition based on comparisons of performance across jurisdictions i.e., yardstick competition. With regard to the firs...

Studies had shown that oxygenated compounds are important in food products. It seems that extraction methods had a profound influence on this factor. The goal of the present study is to investigate on flavor components of Murcott mandarin obtained using cold-press and hydro distillation. In the last week of January 2012, at least 50 mature fruit were collected from many parts of the same trees....