BACKGROUND There is a large body of literature examining income in relation to health expenditures. The share of expenditures in health sector from GDP in developed countries is often larger than in non-developed countries, suggesting that as the level of economic growth increases, health spending increase, too. OBJECTIVES This paper estimates long-run relationships between health expenditure...

This paper presents projections of national health expenditures by type of expenditure and source of funds for 1981, 1985, and 1990. Rapid growth in national health expenditures is projected to continue through 1990. National health expenditures increased 400 percent between 1965 and 1979, reaching $212 billion in 1979. As a proportion of the Gross National Product (GNP), health expenditures ro...

The governance and accountability arrangements for local government capital expenditures under the new Prudential Borrowing Framework (PBF) appear to adopt a much narrower set of evaluative and precautionary criteria than those of Public Private Partnerships and the Private Finance Initiative. The PBF seems to have been developed in complete ignorance of the critical accounting perspective and ...

This study aims to examine the effect of accountability, as one governance aspects, on efficiency local government spending at district/city level in Indonesia. uses panel data analysis with 228 districts/city entities from 2014 2018. The is conducted two stages; first stage measures every by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. second estimates accountability and other control variabl...

This essay estimates the health effects of increasing the normal retirement age using Swedish administrative data on drug prescriptions, hospitalizations, and mortality. To this end, I use a reform that raised the age at which broad categories of Swedish local government workers were entitled to retire with full pension benefits from 63 to 65. Estimating the effect of the reform on individuals’...

OBJECTIVES As in many low-income and middle-income countries, out-of-pocket (OOP) payments by patients or their families are a key healthcare financing mechanism in Bangladesh that leads to economic burdens for households. The objective of this study was to identify whether and to what extent socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors of the population had an impact on OOP expenditures ...

The downtrend in oil prices beginning in 2014 represents a challenge for smallopen developing and exporting economies like Libya. This stems from the importance of government revenue generated from the natural resource sector in financing government consumption and investment expenditures as well as capital imports. The dependency on the natural resource sector and a relatively weak non-natural...