The urinary output of hypophyseal gonadotropin by normal women has proven exceedingly variable from month to month (1, 2). Thus, the usefulness of gonadotropin assays for clinical purposes has been disappointing and is now limited to the demonstration of large excesses of hormone. The status of the gonadotropin assay as a potential diagnostic measure in men is still in doubt. More normal data a...

Recent years have witnessed substantially increased research regarding sex differences in pain. The expansive body of literature in this area clearly suggests that men and women differ in their responses to pain, with increased pain sensitivity and risk for clinical pain commonly being observed among women. Also, differences in responsivity to pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain interv...

Human activities increase the occurrence of aquatic hypoxia (low dissolved oxygen) globally. In fishes, short term hypoxia impairs multiple stages of reproduction (e.g., behavior, hormones, development), but no studies have investigated a species that lives and reproduces under hypoxia. This study examines the effects of hypoxia on sex hormones in the mouth brooding African cichlid Pseudocrenil...

松 木 勝彦 ・岩本 多喜男 In the preceding paper, it was shown that the rat became tolerant to some psycho tropic drugs when blockage of the conditioned avoidance response was estimated as an index of tranquillizing activity (1). In the course of these studies, a statistically signi ficant difference was obtained between male and female rats in the development of tolerance upon the repeated administration...

Stress has been shown to impair delayed memory retrieval, but so far no study has been conducted solely with naturally cycling women. In a crossover design, 36 women (all in the luteal phase) participated in two experimental conditions (stress vs. control). Delayed memory retrieval of a wordlist learned 24 hours earlier was tested after stress or control treatment. Although stressed subjects sh...

This article is part of a Special Issue "Puberty and Adolescence". A unique component of adolescent development is the need to master new developmental tasks in which peer interactions become primary (for the purposes of becoming autonomous from parents, forming intimate friendships, and romantic/sexual partnerships). Previously, it has been suggested that the ability to master these tasks requ...

Sexually dimorphic behaviors, qualitative or quantitative differences in behaviors between the sexes, result from the activity of a sexually differentiated nervous system. Sensory cues and sex hormones control the entire repertoire of sexually dimorphic behaviors, including those commonly thought to be charged with emotion such as courtship and aggression. Such overarching control mechanisms re...

A few recent studies have suggested that glucocorticoid stress hormones can play a role in sexual selection. In terms of mate choice, these studies have shown that individuals can exhibit preferences for mates with either low baseline or peak glucocorticoid levels. This appears to occur because stress hormones can be key mediators of many condition-dependent, sexually selected traits that serve...

Rapid regulatory developments in the area of environmental endocrine disruption present a series of potential problems that are identified and illustrated with examples taken from the recent literature. A list of priorities is provided, including the need for additional epidemiological and wildlife studies, the derivation of a coordinated testing strategy, agreement on the toxicities expected o...

Various studies have shown fluctuations in task performance during the menstrual cycle. The aim of this study was to see the effects of the menstrual cycle on performing fine motor and spatial tasks of different level of complexity in twenty students aged 18 to 21 years, with regular menstrual cycle (28 to 30 days). The students performed O'Connor Finger Dexterity Test and mental rotation test ...