Sexual dimorphism in body weight, fat distribution, and metabolic disease has been attributed largely to differential effects of male and female gonadal hormones. Here, we report that the number of X chromosomes within cells also contributes to these sex differences. We employed a unique mouse model, known as the "four core genotypes," to distinguish between effects of gonadal sex (testes or ov...

7 SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA (Summary in Swedish) 9

Beginning with a case vignette, a discussion follows of the reformulation of theories of gender development taking into consideration the recent upsurge of gender nonconforming and transgender youth presenting for gender services and also in the culture at large. The three predominant models of pediatric gender care are reviewed and critiqued, along with a presentation of the recently developed...

Steroid hormones of gonadal origin act on the neonatal brain to produce sex differences that underlie adult reproductive physiology and behavior. Neuronal sex differences occur on a variety of levels, including differences in regional volume and/or cell number, morphology, physiology, molecular signaling, and gene expression. In the rodent, many of these sex differences are determined by steroi...

In 1936, Eugen Steinach and colleagues published a work that brought steroid biochemistry to the study of sexual behavior and, using synthetic androgens and estrogens, foreshadowed by an astonishing 4 decades the discovery of the central role of estrogen in the sexual behavior of male rats. We offer an English translation of that paper, accompanied by historical commentary that presents Steinac...

Both sexual orientation and sex-typical childhood behaviors, such as toy, playmate and activity preferences, show substantial sex differences, as well as substantial variability within each sex. In other species, behaviors that show sex differences are typically influenced by exposure to gonadal steroids, particularly testosterone and its metabolites, during early development (prenatally or neo...

To assess the relative roles of sex chromosome genes and gonadal steroid hormones in producing sex differences in progesterone receptor (PR) expression in the forebrain of neonatal mice, we used mice in which the Sry gene had been deleted from the Y-chromosome and inserted as a transgene on an autosome in both XX and XY genotypes. Levels of PR immunoreactivity (PRir) in the anteroventral perive...

亢進 させ る作 用 を も有 す る こ とがNicol,T.ら1)に よ り数 多 く報 告 され て 来 た.一 方,男 性 ホ ル モ ン であるtestosteroneは なん らの影響 をも与 えない とするものが多い. 近年,合 成化学の進歩に伴ない,男 性化作用の極 めて少な く蚕 白同化作用の強い幾つかのステロイ ドが合成 された.梅 原 ら2)は テ レピン油 を用いて ラットの皮下および粘膜に無菌膿瘍 を作成 し,こ れに及ぼす蛋白同化ステロイドの影響 を観察 した 結果,蛋 白同化ステロイ ドが炎症性損傷組織 の修 復 を促進すると同時に,:炎症面の異物処理機能を 亢進 させ る作用のあることを認めた.ま たGhioneS M.3)は 蛋白同化ステロイ ドがマウス の 実験的ノ カルジア症 ならびにブ ドウ球菌感染症に対 し生存 期間 を延長せ しめ,し か ...