BACKGROUND Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, but its use for prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in combination with conventional risk factors has not been well defined. METHODS AND RESULTS To understand the effect of HbA1C on CVD risk in the context of other CVD risk factors, we analyzed HbA1C and other CVD risk factor measuremen...

pulse oximetry measures the relative concentration of arterial oxygenated hemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin. this paper presents the design of a pulse oximeter, which measures the presence of a third substance, carboxyhemoglobin (hbco), by unfiltered leds at 660 nm, 810 nm, and 940 nm. background information is given on the theory of pulse oximetry. theoretical approximations and calculations w...

Anemia occurs when the blood hemoglobin concentration is lower than normal due to a deficiency of one or more nutrients. The impact anemia on young women decreased work productivity, stunted growth, susceptible infection, reduced body fitness, enthusiasm for learning and achievement aim this study was determine effect combination intake protein, vitamin C supplement tablets levels in Bengkulu. ...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary levels of vitamins E (25, 30 and 35 mg kg-1), Folic Acid (1.5, 2 and 2.5 mg kg-1) and their combination on the growth performance, hematological and immunological parameters of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Each diet was fed to rainbow trout in triplicate to apparent satiation four times daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the feedi...

Hemoglobin (Hb) Porto Alegre is a beta globin chain mutant [beta 9 (A6) Ser>Cys] that was initially described in a Caucasian Brazilian family in 1963(1). It was subsequently identified in other families in Brazil and in other places such as Cuba and the Canary Islands. The origin of the mutation was reported as Portuguese by the co-inheritance of an intragenic polymorphism characteristic of the...

Alpha-thalassemia is a hereditary disease with a worldwide distribution characterized by reduced or absent synthesis of hemoglobin chains. Deletions involving the globin genes, which are duplicated ( 2 and 1) and located in the cluster (16p13.3), are the most common causes of the disease and account for over 80% of cases. Loss of a functional gene in the haploid genome results in +-thalassemia,...

INTRODUCTION Combination therapy with insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) has already been proven an efficient treatment option for type 2 diabetes. This combination can effectively improve glycated hemoglobin levels, cause weight loss and reduce the dosage of insulin. In addition, it can also reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. Several randomized controlled trials hav...

AIMS The aim of this article is to review the safety and efficacy data of dapagliflozin, saxagliptin, and their combination in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes. Evidence for the use of the single-tablet combination formulation is also presented. METHODS A nonsystematic literature review was performed using the Ovid, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS The addition o...