Statistically and causally meaningful relationships are established between starch molecular structure (the molecular distribution of branched starch and the chain length distribution of debranched starch) and texture (hardness and stickiness) of cooked rice grains. The amounts of amylose chains with degree of polymerization (DP) 100-20,000, and of long amylopectin chains, positively correlated...

Various “hardness” measures have been studied for resolution, providing theoretical insight into the proof complexity of resolution and its fragments, as well as explanations for the hardness of instances in SAT solving. In this report we aim at a unified view of a number of hardness measures, including different measures of width, space and size of resolution proofs. We also extend these measu...

The hardness variation and the behaviour of precipitation during the process of three stage ageing of three Al-Cu-Mg alloys were investigated using micro-hardness and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). To facilitate the determination of the optimised heat treatment condition, a uniform design method was employed by which the influences of three stages interrupted ageing on the hardness an...

Genetic algorithm (GA) researchers have long desired to describe the key characteristics of GA-hardness. Unfortunately this goal has remained largely unmet. In this paper, we describe a new way for evaluating GA-hardness that is based on the foundations of formal complexity theory. In particular, a GA-reduction is introduced. Using this reduction, we show that a reasonable definition of "GA-har...

The high-temperature hardness test has a wide range of applications, but lacks test standards. The purpose of this study is to develop a finite element method (FEM) model of the relationship between the high-temperature hardness and high-temperature, quasi-static compression experiment, which is a mature test technology with test standards. A high-temperature, quasi-static compression test and ...

The microstructural features of variable polarity plasma arc welded Al-Cu-Mg 2024-T351 with 2319 filler have been studied by TEM, SEM and DSC. Fusion zone, partial melting zone, resolutionising zone, overageing (for S phase), peak ageing (for S phase) and under ageing zones (for S phase) have been identified. The Ω phase has been observed between re-solutionising zone and peak ageing zone. The ...

J. Jaworski, T. Trzepieciński: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland This paper presents the results of research on the determination of the coefficient of thermal conductivity and hot hardness of cutters made of selected grades of low-alloy high-speed steels, HS 6-5-2 and HS3-1-2. The investigations of hot hardness and yield stress...

This research characterized the effects of water quality and organism age on the toxicity of nickel (Ni) to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to facilitate the accurate development of site-specific water-quality criteria. Nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4 x 6H2O) was used as the Ni source for performing acute toxicity tests (median lethal concentration after 96-h exposure [96-h LC50]) with ...