s of all RAND Health publications and full text of many research documents can be found on the RAND Health web site at www.rand.org/health. This research brief was written by David M. Adamson. The RAND Corporation is a nonprofi t research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND’s p...

The recent accelerated approval for use in extensively drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant-tuberculosis (MDR-TB) of two first-in-class TB drugs, bedaquiline and delamanid, has reinvigorated the TB drug discovery and development field. However, although several promising clinical development programs are ongoing to evaluate new TB drugs and regimens, the number of novel series represented is ...

materials and methods the l. tropica strain was attenuated using continuous passaging 20 times. the infectivity of l. tropica was confirmed in balb/c mice. the l. tropica resistant strain was produced in vitro using a continuous increase in drug pressure. the cross resistance of l. tropica to other drugs was also investigated. results after 20 continuous passages, the balb/c mice tested negativ...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the main cause of tuberculosis (TB), has still remained a global health crisis especially in developing countries. Tuberculosis treatment is a laborious and lengthy process with high risk of non compliance, cytotoxicity adverse events and drug resistance in patient. Recently, there has been an alarming rise of drug resistant in TB. In this regard, it is an unmet need...

The purpose of the present paper is to review progress made towards improving drug consumption information at a global level. The paper reviews methodological developments achieved through the collaboration of international experts and organizations in the field of drug use epidemiology at two global meetings. The first was held in January 2000 to develop a consensus on the principles, structur...