13 Section 1.0 Introduction 15 1.1 Background 16 1.2 Glial Cells and Gliomas 17 1.2.1 Gliomas 18 1.2.2 Astrocytomas 18 1.2.3 Oligodendrogliomas 22 1.2.4 Mixed Gliomas 22 1.3 Tyrosine Kinases in High-Grade Astrocytic Tumours 24 1.3.1 Epidermal Growth Factor and its Receptor 24 1.3.1.1 EGFR and Cancer 27 1.3.1.2 EGFR as a Target for Cancer Therapy 28 1.3.1.4 EGFR in Gliomas 30 1.3.2 Platelet Deri...

This report documents the long-term clinical and histopathological behaviour of eight intraorbital and 16 intracranial optic nerve gliomas and relates the therapeutic data to the prognosis for both visual acuity and survival. The mean age at onset of symptoms was 8.6 years and at the diagnosis 10.9 years. It is generally held that proptosis is mild in intraorbital glioma, but we encountered mar...

BACKGROUND Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) estimates vascular permeability of brain tumors, and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) may demonstrate tumor vascularity by intratumoral susceptibility signals (ITSS). This study assessed volume transfer constant (Ktrans) accuracy, the volume of extravascular extracellular space (EES) per unit volume of tissue (Ve) derived from DCE-MRI, and...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Conventional MRI is often difficult to distinguish between primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs), high-grade gliomas and brain metastases due to the similarity of their appearance. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) has higher sensitivity than conventional MRI in detecting hemorrhage between PCNSLs, high-...

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of early myeloid progenitors and precursors at different stages of differentiation into granulocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Blockade of their differentiation into mature myeloid cells in cancer results in an expansion of this population. High-grade gliomas are the most common malignant tumours of the central ner...

Aberrant activation of rat sarcoma (Ras) signaling contributes to the development of a variety of human cancers, including gliomas. To determine the dependence of high-grade gliomas on continued Ras signaling, we developed a doxycycline-regulated Kirsten Ras (KRas) glioma mouse model. We previously demonstrated that KRas is required for the maintenance of glioblastoma multiforme tumors arising ...

Gliomas are very malignant brain tumors that difficult to treat. CD47 is an antiphagocytic molecule binds SIPRα on phagocytes. It overexpressed the plasma membranes of multiple human tumor cell types and important diagnostic prognostic biomarker in many cancer. However, association between protein expression glioma tissue clinicopathological stage has not been investigated detail. A total 80 su...

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors either benign or malignant originating from the glial tissue. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive form among all gliomas, associated with decimal prognosis due to it`s high invasive nature. GBM is also characterized by high recurrence rate and apoptosis resistance features which make the therapeutic targeting very c...

Mutations in the p53 gene were analyzed in 40 gliomas using the single strand conformation polymorphism assay together with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to assess loss of heterozygosity for 17p alleles in the same tumors. Mutations occurred in 40% of the gliomas and were found in exons 4-8 of the p53 gene. G:C to T:A transversions, which occur in high frequency in some lung...

Recent updating of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in 2016 demonstrates the first organized effort to restructure brain tumor classification by incorporating histomorphologic features with recurrent molecular alterations. Revised CNS tumor diagnostic criteria also attempt to reduce interobserver variability of histological interpretation...