This paper describes the adsorption of two organic (acetic and citric) acids on the blast furnace sludge, a representative by-product of the steelmaking industry. By PIXE, XRD, BET and SEM methods, it was shown that blast furnace sludge is a complex heterogeneous material with a specific surface area of s = 31.46 m g, composed mainly of amorphous phase (w = 76.2 %), calcite (w = 9.9 %), magneti...

Mathematical model for the integrated thermal apparatus was developed. It consists of program modules from which individual furnace model can be generated. For the model generation elementary balance method was used. Generation of the individual model includes model formulation and parameters determination. Model formulation is based on first principles, heuristics and empirical results. Parame...

1. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) is a by product of the steel industry. Blast furnace slag is defined as “the non-metallic product consisting essentially of calcium silicates and other bases that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace.” [1] In the production of iron, blast furnaces are loaded with iron o...

OBJECTIVES Little has been known about the risk of cancer associated with occupational exposure to manganese. The objective of this study was therefore to examine the associations between duration of specific work and cancer incidence among employees in four Norwegian ferromanganese and silicomanganese producing plants. METHODS Among men first employed in 1933-91 and with at least 6 months in...

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) is generated in considerable amounts by the electric arc steelmaking process. During melting in an electric arc furnace, certain elements volatilize, and form fine dusts after cooling. The EAFD is collected in a baghouse and amounts to approximately 1–2 wt% of the steel produced.1) In China, about 800 million tons of steel was produced in 2015 with more than 9 w...