1042 Private property, including intellectual property, is essential to our way of life. It provides an incentive for investment and innovation; it stimulates the flourishing of our culture; it protects the moral entitlements of people to the fruits of their labors. But reducing too much to private property can be bad medicine. Private land, for instance, is far more useful if separated from ot...

This paper investigates the $p$-center location problem on a network in which vertex weights and distances between vertices are uncertain. The concepts of the $alpha$-$p$-center and the expected $p$-center are introduced. It is shown that the $alpha$-$p$-center and the expected $p$-center models can be transformed into corresponding deterministic models. Finally, linear time algorithms for find...

Age replacement policy is concerned with finding an optional time tominimize the cost, at which time the unit is replaced even if itdoes not fail. So far, age replacement policy involving random agehas been proposed. This paper will assume the age of the unit is anuncertain variable, and find the optimal time to replace the unit.

Electric power restructuring offers a major change to the vertically integrated monopoly. The change manifests the main part of engineers’ efforts to reshape the three components of today’s vertically integrated monopoly: generation, distribution and transmission. In a restructured environment, the main tasks of these three components will remain the same as before, however, to comply with ...

background: heat stress evaluation and timely notification, especially using meteorological data is an important issue attracted attention in recent years. therefore, this study aimed at answering the following research questions: 1) can enthalpy as a common environmental parameter reported by meteorological agencies be applied accurately for evaluation of thermal condition of outdoor settings,...

this study is an attempt to monitor and investigate the main elements of social harms from political, economic, sociocultural, technological, environmental and legal perspectives in accordance with the factors of pestel. one of the findings of the present study indicates that iran has taken several measures in order to fight narcotics.  in poverty and unemployment, it must be admitted that cast...

generally, studied villages as regard to the socioeconomic structure have not considerable development in comparison with their around structure due to functional area.  nowadays, regarding rural development, proceeding with economical analysis of geographical areas has a great position. considering the applied investigations, upon increasing the knowledge and literacy and scientific and practi...

there are human and animal health concerns related to drainage systems because nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, can contaminate water supplies. a field study was conducted on consolidated paddy fields of sari agricultural sciences and natural resources university, northern iran (36.3°n, 53.04°e), to determine the effect of subsurface drain depth and spacing on nitrogen (n) and pho...

background: non- tuberculous mycobacteria are environmental opportunistic pathogens that can be found in various terrestrial and aquatic habitats. there are an epidemiological links between species isolated in tap water and those isolated from patients. hsp65 gene has more variability in its sequences, compared to the some more conserved genes in ntm, for identification of mycobacteria to speci...

earlier, environmental problems have been considered as technical and economic problems. in the last decades of the twentieth century the societal dimensions of environmental problems and environmental issues attracted more public attention. as a result of this circumstances a new social scientific discipline, “environmental sociology” was appeared to investigate the environmental behavior ...