banking without usury is a very important object that has been considered by experts and investigated all time. in this writing, we have explored banking debt with known profit and concluded its rightness, based on soling debt right. in this way after lending money the bank sales it to debtor with agreed price. the way is similar about person's lending to bank and thus there is no usury. i...

This paper presents a visualization technique to assist legal experts in formalising their interpretation of legal texts in terms of regulatory requirements. (Semi-)automation of compliance processes requires a machine-readable version of legal requirements in a format that enables effective compliance assessment. The use of a semi-structured controlled natural language as an intermediate step ...

Legal psychologists’ assessments can have a major impact on the fact finder’s evaluation of evidence and, consequently, perceptions guilt. Yet, in few studies about legal and reports, great variability was found. As is case with other forensic expert domains, psychologists are prone to cognitive biases, such as being adversely affected by irrelevant contextual information, confirmation bias, al...

the issue of renunciation (i‘rāḍ) is not discussed separately among the jurists and is only implicitly referred to in some instances. it is also neglected in statutes; and most of legal experts, following the laws and like jurists, have not talked in detail on this issue. discussing the nature of renunciation, we seek here to elucidate a rather complicated issue, namely, the impact of renunciat...

This paper explores why respondents to a telephone public-opinion survey often give reasons for answering as they do, even though reason-giving is neither required nor encouraged and it is difficult to see the reasons as attempts to deal with disagreement. We find that respondents give reasons for the policy claims they make in their answers three times as frequently as they give reasons for va...