A longstanding and controversial issue concerns the underlying mechanisms that give rise to letter-by-letter (LBL) reading: while some researchers propose a prelexical, perceptual basis for the disorder, others postulate a postlexical, linguistic source for the problem. To examine the nature of the deficit underlying LBL reading, in three experiments, we compare the performance of seven LBL rea...

The inevitable contact of substrates with water during the traditional practice of layer-by-layer assembly (LBL) creates problems for multiple potential applications of LBL films in electronics. To resolve this issue, we demonstrate here the possibility of a LBL process using ionic liquids (ILs), which potentially eliminates corrosion and hydration processes related to aqueous media and opens a...

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using layer-by-layer polymer coated gold nanoparticles (AuNP) as a carrier for topical iontophoretic delivery of imatinib mesylate (IM). AuNP were prepared by the Turkevich method and were stabilized and functionalized using polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene imine. The functionalized AuNP were then sequentially coated with anionic ...

Introduction Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive optical technique allowing a continuous measurement of brain’s hemoglobin saturation in oxygen (rSO2). It is considered as a surrogate marker of cerebral insult, and recognized as a useful tool in in cardiovascular surgery and neuromonitoring. A rSO2< 50% is associated with increased neurological impairment and post-operative mort...

The DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ, http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp) has collected and released more entries and bases than last year. This is mainly due to large-scale submissions from Japanese sequencing teams on mouse, rice, chimpanzee, nematoda and other organisms. The contributions of DDBJ over the past year are 17.3% (entries) and 10.3% (bases) of the combined outputs of the International Nucleot...

BACKGROUND This retrospective cohort study analysed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with childhood lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) treated in Shanghai, China. PROCEDURE From 2001 to 2010, 108 evaluable patients ≤16 years of age who were newly diagnosed with biopsy-proven LBL were treated with one of three treatment protocols: CCCG-99, SCMC-T-NHL-2002, or LBL-CHOF-2006. RE...

PURPOSE Deregulation of microRNA (miRNA) has been extensively investigated in both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL); however, little is known about the roles of miRNAs in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL). The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential roles of miR-374b in the development and treatment of T-LBL. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN MiRCURY LNA array was used to gener...

Acidic (pH 4.1) and high Cd, Pb, and Zn mine tailings (mean +/- SD: 17 +/- 0.4, 3800 +/- 100, and 3500 +/- 100 mg kg(-1), respectively) from an alluvial tailings deposit in Leadville, Colorado were amended with municipal biosolids (BS) (224 Mg ha(-1)) and different types of lime (calcium carbonate equivalent of 224 Mg ha(-1) CaCO3) in a greenhouse column study to test the ability of the amendme...

Trials were conducted to determine whether differential resistance to challenge with Staphylococcus aureus was characteristic of two related lines of New Hampshire chickens differing genetically in size of the bursa of Fabricius. Neonatal small bursa line (SBL) chicks were superior to the unselected Lester J. Dreesen (LJD) line in five of six trials employing intracardiac challenge (chi 2 = 6.3...

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with distinct forms of human lymphoid malignancies, including the endemic (eBL) and sporadic forms of Burkitt's lymphoma (sBL) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (AIDS-NHL). However, whether EBV has a pathogenetic role in these tumors or is a passenger virus has not been conclusively demonstrated. One element to dist...