Due to the relative lack of empirical field data, the response of very small glaciers (here defined as being smaller than 0.5 km2) to current atmospheric warming is not fully understood yet. Investigating their mass balance, e.g. using the direct glaciological method, is a prerequisite to fill this knowledge gap. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) techniques operating in the near infrared range c...

Multipath is detrimental for both GPS positioning and timing applications. However, the benefits of GPS multipath for reflectometry have become increasingly clear for soil moisture, snow depth, and vegetation growth monitoring. Most multipath forward models focus on the code modulation, adopting arbitrary values for the reflection power, phase, and delay, or they calculate the reflection delay ...

Flexible Machining Cells (FMC) have become very popular in many manufacturing environments due to the reduction in set-up down-time using off-line set-up. A similar procedure is not yet available for assembly cells. This arises from the need for accurate positioning of parts from bulk storage containers prior to assembly. Complex fixturing and orientating devices are often required for correct ...

Terrain aided positioning (TAP) is a kind of positioning method which acquires position information from the terrain elevation datum underneath the vehicle. This method has the characteristics of autonomy, allweather, anti-interference, strong stealthiness and high accuracy. It is widely used in the navigation system for various aircrafts, cruise missiles and underwater vehicles. The fundamenta...

Abstract The aim of the new generation Global Geodetic Observing System is a millimeter-level accuracy in positioning, with crucial role to be played by Navigation Satellites Systems (GNSS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) mode. This course because GNSS constellations and receivers provide an efficient stand-alone technique homogeneous performance over large areas (positions, navigation meteorol...

This paper describes a new approach to the problem of the structural research of clusters based on the theory of geodetic and k-geodetic graphs. We firmly believe that this same approach can be used when solving problems of correlation between structural and spectral metrics in complex networks. So, what we want to point out is about the possibility of applying one theory of networks (the theor...

We show that the geodetic number of proper interval graphs can be computed in polynomial time. This problem is NP-hard on chordal graphs and on bipartite weakly chordal graphs. Only an upper bound on the geodetic number of proper interval graphs has been known prior to

The technology of integer ambiguity resolution-enabled precise-point-positioning (also referred to as PPP-AR) has been proven capable providing comparable accuracy, efficiency, and productivity long-baseline real-time kinematic positioning (RTK) during the last decade. Commercial PPP-AR services have provided by different institutions companies widely used in geodetic missions. However, usage r...

Google Earth provides an open source, easy to access and cost free image data that support map interest community. Therefore, depending of this community on Google Earth, grows up day by day. More than simply providing locational information, Google Earth allows users to add their own content such as photos or descriptions of areas or landmarks. They can also extrapolate information from the sa...