orchard grass (dactylis glomerata), a pasture and forage grass, has wide genetic distribution in iran. evolution of germplasm and selection of suitable genotypes is the first step for developing adaptable synthetic varieties. in order to investigate production potential, variation and genetic similarity of iranian orchard grass genotypes, an experiment was conducted using clonally propagated ma...

OBJECTIVES To compare genotypic and phenotypic HIV-1 drug resistance assays. METHODS Protease inhibitor (PI) susceptibility was phenotypically analysed in HIV-1 isolates and recombinant viruses expressing proteases from viral isolates. Two genotypic interpretation methods were carried out in parallel. RESULTS Entirely concordant resistance levels were shown in 5/10 (50%) highly active anti-...

Theory predicts, and recent empirical studies have shown, that the diversity of plant species determines the diversity of associated herbivores and mediates ecosystem processes, such as aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). However, an often-overlooked component of plant diversity, namely population genotypic diversity, may also have wide-ranging effects on community structure and ecosys...

Genes encode components of coevolved and interconnected networks. The effect of genotype on phenotype therefore depends on genotypic context through gene interactions known as epistasis. Epistasis is important in predicting phenotype from genotype for an individual. It is also examined in population studies to identify genetic risk factors in complex traits and to predict evolution under select...

In this work, we shall present some novel process to measure the similarity between picture fuzzy sets. Firstly, we adopt the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets and picture fuzzy sets. Secondly, we develop some similarity measures between picture fuzzy sets, such as, cosine similarity measure, weighted cosine similarity measure, set-theoretic similar...

Using diploidy and dominance is one method to enhance the performance of genetic algorithms in dynamic environments. For diploidy genetic algorithms, there are two key design factors: the cardinality of genotypic alleles and the uncertainty in the dominance scheme. This paper investigates the effect of these two factors on the performance of diploidy genetic algorithms in dynamic environments. ...

to investigate the genotypic and phenotypic relationship between characteristics affecting tomato fruit weights, eleven tomato lines were compared in a rcb design with three replications. the anova showed that the difference among lines was significant for all characteristics. there was a significant phenotypic and genotypic correlations between fruit weight and most of the characteristics. the...

the applicability of rapds, aflps, and ssrs to examine genetic relationships in 36 populations of triticum boeoticum from west of iran was investigated. a total of 224 (135 polymorphic), 979 (429 polymorphic) and 246 (145 polymorphic) bands/alleles were detected using 14 rapd primers, 17 aflp primer combinations and 17 well distributed, mapped ssr markers, respectively. the polymorphic informat...

background: failure in the treatment of burn patients infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa could happen as a result of the acquisition of antibiotic resistance, including carbapenems. objectives: the aim of the present study was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, isolated from burn patients. patients and methods: during a 12 month ...