Rabies is a reemerging and fatal infectious disease in Asia mainly caused by exposure to rabid dogs. The disease is transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, usually from a dog, and can be prevented by the timely administration of rabies immune globulins and post-bite vaccination. Prevention of dog rabies would be the most effective way to stop rabies transmission to humans. However, ...

BACKGROUND Development of influenza vaccines capable of inducing broad protection against different virus subtypes is necessary given the ever-changing viral genetic landscape. Previously, we showed that vaccination with whole inactivated virus (WIV) induces heterosubtypic protection against lethal virus infection in mice. Whole inactivated virus-induced cross-protection was found to be mediate...

In earlier studies, we reported that a heterologous prime-boost regimen using recombinant plasmid DNA followed by replication-defective adenovirus vector, both containing Trypanosoma cruzi genes encoding trans-sialidase (TS) and amastigote surface protein (ASP) 2, provided protective immunity against experimental infection with a reticulotropic strain of this human protozoan parasite. Herein, w...

We have been now experiencing the first pandemic in the 21st century by a 2009 novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. The use of effective vaccination is the most reliable prophylactic measures against influenza virus infection. Hemagglutinin (HA) of surface viral glycoproteins plays a principal role as immunogenecity induced by natural infection or vaccination in our bodies. A split-product...

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is recognized as a major cause for cervical cancer among women worldwide. Two HPV vaccines are currently available: Gardasil® and Cervarix®. Both vaccines enclose viral antigenic proteins, but differ as to the biological systems of culture and the adjuvant components. Recently, a collection of symptoms, indicating nervous system dysfunction, has been described after ...

In light of the recurrent outbreaks of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), there is a pressing need for the development of vaccines that allow rapid mass vaccination. In this study, we introduced by reverse genetics temperature-sensitive mutations in the PB1 and PB2 genes of an avian influenza virus, A/Guinea Fowl/Hong Kong/WF10/99 (H9N2) (WF10). ...

Abstract Generation of immunity against cancer through vaccination has long been an elusive goal for tumor immunologists. Putative candidates targets include oncofetal antigens, viral neoantigens, and differentiation antigens. The first attempts at used injections whole autologous cells. However, these unmodified cells did not engender a robust immune response. Subsequent efforts were focused e...

Coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has touched every country globally except five countries (North Korea, Turkmenistan, Tonga, Tuvalu and Nauru). Vaccination is the most effective method to protect against infectious diseases. The objective ensure that everyone access a COVID-19 vaccine. conventional vaccine development platforms are complex time-consuming obtain desired approved candidates through...