The phenotypic structure of personality traits has been well described, but it has not yet been explained causally. Behavior genetic covariance analyses can identify the underlying causes of phenotypic structure; previous behavior genetic research has suggested that the effects from both genetic and nonshared environmental influences mirror the phenotype. However, nonshared environmental effect...

Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is widely used for speed estimation in sensorless vector control of induction motor. The major and unsolved issue in the practical implementation of the EKF is the choice of the process and measurement noise covariance matrices. In this paper, a speed estimation method using EKF optimized by improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) is proposed. By combining the a...

Genome wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) is extended to include environmental effects of the maternal genotype on offspring phenotype ("maternal effects", M-GCTA). The model includes parameters for the direct effects of the offspring genotype, maternal effects and the covariance between direct and maternal effects. Analysis of simulated data, conducted in OpenMx, confirmed that model parameter...

The pattern and extent of pleiotropic gene action can contribute substantially to the internal structure and shape of the additive genetic variance-covariance matrix (G)--a key determinant of evolutionary trajectories. We use data from our study (Estes et al. 2004) on the univariate effects of mutation in a mismatch-repair-defective strain, msh-2, of Caenorhabditis elegans to address the impact...

Knowledge of genetic parameters and variances is an essential pre-requisite for tasks such as the design of selection programmes or prediction of breeding values. Reliable estimation of these quantities is thus paramount. There is a growing trend to consider more and more complex phenotypes, necessitating multivariate analyses comprising numerous traits. Problems inherent in such analyses, aris...

To avoid both the inconsistency of the Kalman filter and the performance conservation of the covariance intersection (CI) in the case of unknown correlations, an internal ellipsoidal approximation (IEA) method is proposed to fuse the local estimations. A numerical example of three-state radar tracking system is presented to illustrate the implementation and effectiveness of the proposed algorit...

Mixed linear models were developed by animal breeders to evaluate genetic potential of bulls. Application of mixed models has recently spread to all areas of research, spurred by availability of advanced computer software. Previously, mixed model analyses were implemented by adapting fixed-effect methods to models with random effects. This imposed limitations on applicability because the covari...

Building upon a series of works by Thomas J. Bouchard, Lindon J. Eaves, Hans J. Eysenck and other contemporaries, we present strong evidence that the assumed causal relationship between personality and left–right ideology is too simplistic. We suggest the relationship is not predictive and instead is better understood by dividing the overarching left–right ideological spectrum into more meaning...

The use of patterned covariance matrices in forming pedigree-based mixed models for quantitative traits is discussed. It is suggested that patterned covariance matrix models provide intuitive, theoretically appealing, and flexible genetic modeling devices for pedigree data. It is suggested further that the very great computational burden assumed in the implementation of covariance matrix-depend...

Building upon a series of works by Thomas J. Bouchard, Lindon J. Eaves, Hans J. Eysenck and other contemporaries, we present strong evidence that the assumed causal relationship between personality and left–right ideology is too simplistic. We suggest the relationship is not predictive and instead is better understood by dividing the overarching left–right ideological spectrum into more meaning...