A very large grey area exists between translational stem cell research and applications that comply with the ideals of randomised control trials and good laboratory and clinical practice and what is often referred to as snake-oil trade. We identify a discrepancy between international research and ethics regulation and the ways in which regulatory instruments in the stem cell field are developed...

DARWIN’S LITTLE KNOWN DISCUSSION OF SYMPATHY reveals a facet of his thinking unknown to many, which is contrary to the competitive, ruthless, and selfish view of human nature that has been mistakenly attributed to a Darwinian perspective. In 1871, 11 years before his death, Darwin’s greatest unread book, The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, was published. In the fourth chapter,...

The breeding system of social organisms affects many important aspects of social life. Some species vary greatly in the number of breeders per group, but the mechanisms and selective pressures contributing to the maintenance of this polymorphism in social structure remain poorly understood. Here, we take advantage of a genetic dataset that spans 15 years to investigate the dynamics of colony qu...

abstract in this study, two wild iranian crocus species (crocus speciosus and crocus cancellathus) were examined using 16 morphological characters and 13 issr primers on 250 and 25 plant samples, respectively. the highest and lowest coefficient of variations were belonged to the thickness of the petals (71.25%) and the leaf length (15.08%), respectively. cluster analysis based on morphological ...

microcerotermes diversus (silvestri) (isoptera: termitidae), an important wood pest in ahwaz (khuzestan, iran), causes serious economic damage to cellulosic products in buildings. to investigate the genetic diversity of this pest, 13 populations from different areas of khuzestan province as well as two samples from khark island and bandar abbas were collected. following dna extraction a fragmen...

Iran is a part of the secondary centre of origin of melons, and therefore, there is a wealth of genetic variation of these species in this country. The Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) marker was applied to investigate the genetic variations among five major Iranian melon cultigens (Cucumis melo) and ‘Ananasi’ as a general well-known cultivar. Ten primer pairs were used on 90 indiv...

The Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is one of the most valuable resources in Iran because of its multi benefits. The present study was conducted in Meshkin-Shahr in Ardabil province to investigate the important quantitative and qualitative characteristics of 31 walnut genotypes. Classification of genotypes was analyzed using the cluster method. The results showed that among selected walnut ge...