Background: Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) has been shown to play an important role in resistance not only to quinolones, but also β-lactams and aminoglycosides. In fact, qnr genes are frequently carried along with β-lactamase determinants on the same plasmids. We studied the prevalence of qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and aac(6’)-Ib-cr genes among quinolone and cephalosporin resistant clinica...

Many factors including genetic, environmental, and acquired are involved in breast cancer development across various societies. Among all of these factors in families with a history of breast cancer throughout several generations, genetics, like predisposing genes to develop this disease, should be considered more. Early detection of mutation carriers in these genes, in turn, can play an import...

many factors including genetic, environmental, and acquired are involved in breast cancer development across various societies. among all of these factors in families with a history of breast cancer throughout several generations, genetics, like predisposing genes to develop this disease, should be considered more. early detection of mutation carriers in these genes, in turn, can play an import...

background: in acute myeloblastic leukemia, a large number of tumor suppressor genes are silenced through dna methylation such as cdkn2b & p73. wnt inhibitory factor 1 (wif1) and dickkopf-3 (dkk-1) are negative regulators of wnt signaling pathway. in the present study, we evaluated the methylation status of wif1 and dkk-1 genes in acute myeloblastic leukemia patients. patients and methods: bloo...

human mitochondrial dna (mtdna) is 16,569 base pairs (bp) in length, coding for 37 genes. during the course of evolution, nearly all the genes expressing ribosomal proteins and ribosomal rnas (rrna) genes have been transferred from the mitochondria to the nucleus. however, mitochondrial dna contains two ribosomal rnas genes (12s and 16s), which have not yet transferred to the nucleus. these two...

The identification of the efficiency of some mtDNA genes of Mus musculus species complex (house mouse) for biosystematics research was studied in this approach. Recent studies have made use of different mitochondrial genes including NADH dehydrogenase genes, cytochrome b gene, cytochrome oxidase genes, D-loop region and whole mtDNA genome to study the house mouse species. Usage of each of these...

background : 5-fluorouracil could lead to a decline in fertility in caenorhabditis elegans. the aim of this study was to describe the mechanisms underlying such an altered fertility phenotype and to illustrate the specific genes and path-ways that are involved in the related phenotypic changes in c. elegans. methods : we isolated total rna from the samples and used a new method called digital g...

one of the best strategies to control bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum (smith) is generally based on breeding resistant cultivars. the information obtained from the expression of plant defense genes will provide new insight for improving plant resistance against pathogens. this study was to identify inducible genes under defense no death (dnd) reaction of tobacco (nicotiana tabac...

barley (hordeum vulgare l.) is a model plant, as genetic and physiological studies are concerned. abiotic stresses such as drought adversely affect the growth of plants. the objective of this experiment was to identify the responsive genes to osmotic stress, using macroarray (covering 13050 genes). rna was extracted from 5 barley genotypes in stress as well as in normal conditions at 3 times of...

today, it is nearly 25 years past from investigation of shiga toxigenic escherichia coli (stec) which is able to produce shiga toxins and cause different gastroenteritis. since incidence of gastroenteritis due to stec is increasing, it's necessary to develop rapid, specific and accurate procedures like pcr. in this study, we used pcr method to detect and identify stec in cultures of 55 escheric...