Though spectral subtraction has widely been used for speech enhancement, the spectral order β set in spectral subtraction is generally fixed to some constants, resulting in the performance limitation to a certain degree. In this paper, we first analyze the performance of the β-order generalized spectral subtraction in terms of the gain function to highlight its dependence on the value of spectr...

Let y = Aβ + ε, where y is an N × 1 vector of observations, β is a p× 1 vector of unknown regression coefficients, A is an N × p design matrix and ε is a spherically symmetric error term with unknown scale parameter σ. We consider estimation of β under general quadratic loss functions, and, in particular, extend the work of Strawderman [J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 73 (1978) 623–627] and Casella [A...

The main object of this paper is to investigate the solution of the following free electron laser equations associated with generalized MittagLeffler function and a confluent hypergeometric function in two variables: Dα τ h(τ) = ω ∫ τ 0 t β−1 h(τ − t)E σ,β(iνt σ)dt+ δf(τ), where γ, δ, ω ∈ C; ν ∈ R,α > 0, σ > 0, β > 0; E σ,β(z) is the generalized Mittag-Leffler function and Dα τ h(τ) = λ Γ(γ) ∫ ...

In this paper, we define two natural (p, q)-analogues of the generalized Stirling numbers of the first and second kind S(α, β, r) and S(α, β, r) as introduced by Hsu and Shiue [17]. We show that in the case where β = 0 and α and r are nonnegative integers both of our (p, q)-analogues have natural interpretations in terms of rook theory and derive a number of generating functions for them. We al...

Two studies were conducted to examine the long-term impact of parental divorce on beliefs about the self and others. In Study 1, college-aged children of divorce and students from intact families did not differ on 8 basic assumptions or on measures of depression. Those whose parents are divorced, however, were less optimistic about the success of their own future marriages. Assumptions about th...

BACKGROUND Poultry farmers are at high-risk from avian influenza A/H7N9 infection due to sustained occupational exposures to live poultry. This study examined factors associated with poultry farmers' adoption of personal protective behaviours (PPBs) based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). METHODS Totally, 297 poultry farmers in three cities of Jiangsu Province, China were interviewed dur...

Purpose: This study aimed to explore factors influencing on the preventive behaviors of dementia in older Koreans enrolled senior welfare centers provide basic information prevention.Methods: A total 182 participated this study, which employed a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using questionnaires with items related general characteristics, depression, self-esteem, knowledge and att...