Acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity in primary mouse hepatocytes occurs in two phases. The initial phase (0-2 h) occurs with metabolism to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine which depletes glutathione, and covalently binds to proteins, but little toxicity is observed. Subsequent washing of hepatocytes to remove APAP and reincubating in media alone (2-5 h) results in toxicity. We previously reported that th...

The editors of Metabolites would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016. [...].

background patients, who survived from shotgun injuries, often have some retained lead pellets in their bodies. several cases of lead toxicity have been reported regarding these patients. objectives this study seeks to compare the serum lead level in patients who have retained lead pellets in their bodies with the control group. patients and methods in this case-control study, we gathered the s...

background previous studies have shown that shallomin, one of the active constituents of persian shallot, has a broad range of antimicrobial properties. objectives the safety of shallomin must be established before it can be used in clinical applications. therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute toxic effects of shallomin and to estimate its lethal dose low (ldlo) value...

cadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal and one of the most important environmental pollutants. cadmium has a particular interest among the heavy elements due to the high mobility, solubility, and toxicity for human, plants, and other organisms. in order to study cadmium toxic effect on green pepper, a completely randomized design was performed with three levels of cadmium (0, 0.25, and 0.5 mm as...

objective(s): nanosilver is one of the most widely used nanomaterials due to its strong antimicrobial activity. thus, because of increasing potential for exposure of human to nanosilver, there is an increasing concern about possible side effects of these nanoparticles. in this study, we tested the potential dermal toxicity of nanosilver bandage on serum chemical biomarkers in mice.  materials a...

Background and purposeA comprehensive individual toxicity risk profile is needed to improve radiation treatment optimisation, minimising burden, in head neck cancer (HNC) patients. We aimed develop externally validate NTCP models for various toxicities at multiple time points.Materials methodsUsing logistic regression, we determined the relationship between normal tissue irradiation of 22 ten p...