In the last 10 years, there have been a number of studies in modeling of the deposition processes in flowlines. Most of these models: (1) assume empirical or semi-empirical correlations to predict the pressure drop and temperature profile, (2) ignore the radial convection flow in the layer composed of the two-phase wax and oil (that is the gel layer), and (3) use Fick’s law to describe the diff...

This paper reports a new class of periodic banding Fe(OH) 3 precipitate through reaction–diffusion–reaction (RDR) processes in agarose gel sandwiched between two metal rods (Ti and Fe) with cyclic alternating voltages. In the RDR processes, electrochemical reactions at to generate reactant ions, diffusion ions influenced by electric field gel, form precipitates were coupled bands cathode side. ...

Extracts from 10- and 40-ml cultures compared favorably for serological identification of group B streptococci. Typing by gel diffusion proved reliable and efficient. These modifications save time, media, and antisera.

Staphylococcus xylosus was recovered from the urine of a patient with pyelonephritis. Antibodies against the teichoic acid of the microorganism were demonstrated in the patient's serum by the agar gel diffusion technique.

vitamin e (α-tocopherol) is a natural antioxidant very useful for preventing the harmful effects of uv sun rays as skin aging and cancers. in this study, different mlv formulations were made using egg lecithin and varying molar ratios of α-tocopherol and/or cholesterol, and their encapsulation efficiencies were determined. the best liposomal product was incorporated into a carbomer 980 gel. the...

The macromolecular partition and diffusion coefficients are equally important in describing diffusion through gel membranes. The goals of this thesis were to determine what effects electrostatic, hydrodynamic and steric interactions have on the partitioning and diffusion of macromolecules in agarose gels. To accomplish this measurements of the partitioning and diffusivity of proteins and Ficoll...

Enterotoxin produced by a sporulating culture of Clostridium perfringens type A NCTC 8798 was purified to a level of 3,500 mouse mean lethal doses per mg of nitrogen. High-titer sera were obtained from rabbits injected with enterotoxin and used to compare the sensitivity of serological tests and bioassays for C. perfringens enterotoxin. Reversed passive hemagglutination was by far the most sens...

Gellified media prevent convection and crystal sedimentation, and provide an attractive growth environment for optimising biological crystals. Agarose gels are particularly easy to use and they are compatible with most of the common crystallization methods. They also offer new possibilities like counter-diffusion techniques. This paper gives a brief overview of their general properties and pres...