A gear transmission problem is one of the most complex optimization problems because of relationship between different variables. A gear design require the designer to compromise many design variables; i.e. continuous, discrete & integer variables in order to determine best performance of gear set. Numbers of conventional methods are available for solving different types of optimization problem...

In this study, an optimization methodology is presented to systematically define head-cutter geometry and machine tool settings to introduce optimal tooth modifications in spiral bevel and hypoid gears. The goal of the optimization is to simultaneously minimize the tooth contact pressure and the angular displacement error of the driven gear (the transmission error), to maximize the elastohydrod...

Received Jun 9, 2017 Revised Nov 20, 2017 Accepted Dec 11, 2017 Gears are important component of the rotational power transmission system and are largely used in variable load and speed applications. The faults on the gear generate excessive vibration which leads to breakdown of the machine. Sensor based methods could diagnose gear faults but proved to be expensive and have limited applications...

Gear-position-decision (GPD) tactics strongly affect the performances of automatic transmissions (AT) and, therefore, the performance of the vehicle. Since the electronic control methods were introduced into ATs, many advanced techniques have been raised tomakeAT vehiclesmore human friendly and better in fuel economy and dynamic behaviors. As a type of emerging AT, the automated manual transmis...

To enhance neuro-navigation, high quality pre-operative images must be registered onto intra-operative configuration of the brain. Therefore evaluation of the degree to which structures may remain misaligned after registration is critically important. We consider two Hausdorff Distance (HD)-based evaluation approaches: the edge-based HD (EBHD) metric and the Robust HD (RHD) metric as well as va...

Misalignment of repeated sequences during DNA replication can lead to deletions or duplications in genomic DNA. In Escherichia coli, such genetic rearrangements can occur at high frequencies, independent of the RecA-homologous recombination protein, and are sometimes associated with sister chromosome exchange (SCE). Two mechanisms for RecA-independent genetic rearrangements have been proposed: ...

Cost of Doing Business Abroad (CDBA) is an important construct in International Business. The variety of causes leading to the CDBA has been the subject of and many scholars’ examinations. Extending CDBA to an institutional level, we develop a new perspective on the CDBA by incorporating institutional misalignment between the home and the host country as a cause of CDBA. We propose that institu...

Abstract One challenge in the design of automotive gearboxes is combination high power density, efficiency and low noise emission. With electrification powertrain, requirements terms emission increase additionally. Stepped planetary gear stages are a potential topology to solve current challenges gearbox technology. Current research shows pronounced misalignment behavior stages, especially with...

That ankle posture in Carnivora is linked to substrate is well known. Large species from open settings like grasslands are often cursorial with digitigrade stance, whereas smaller species from closed woodlands are often arboreal with plantigrade or semidigitigrade stance. Digitigrade species typically have feet that are proportionally longer than plantigrade species. It is less well known that ...