Simulations were performed with Geant4 to study the cosmogenics Li and He production by the interactions of the muons and their secondary shower particles in the liquid scintillator. The photonuclear reactions seem dominate their production. Their energy dependence were deduced. The results of the simulations are compared with available data. PACS: 05.10.Ln; 24.10.Lx; 25.20.-x; 25.30.Mr

4 Background and Rate Studies 12 4.1 Neutrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.2 Photons and Low Energy Electrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.3 A1 Background Rate Estimate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5 Simulation and Design 14 5.1 GEANT4 Simulation and Design Parameters . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.2 Physical Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Models based on the amorphous track structure approximation have been successful in predicting the biological effects of heavy charged particles. Development of such models remains an active area of research that includes applications to hadrontherapy. In such models, the radial distribution of the dose deposited by delta electrons and directly by the particle is the main characteristic of trac...

Nuclear power production can benefit from the development of more comprehensive alternatives for dealing with long-term radioactive waste. One such alternative is an accelerator-driven subcritical reactor (ADSR) which has been proposed for both energy production and for burning radioactive waste. Here we investigate the effects of the size of the ADSR spallation target on the total neutron yiel...

background: hadron therapy for malignant tumor is becoming increasingly popular. there are many factors which effect on implementation of a proper treatment planning. the purpose of this work is to investigate the inhomogeneity effects as affecting factor on proton range, full width at half maximum (fwhm) and 20% position of penumbra (p20) by mcnpx code. materials and methods: an inhomogeneous ...

Using simulations to understand backgrounds from muon-induced neutrons is important in designing next-generation low-background underground experiments. Validation of relevant physics within the Geant4 simulation package has been completed by comparing to data from two recent experiments. Verification focused on the production and propagation of neutrons at energies important to underground exp...

Background: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary radiotherapy combining biochemical targeting with neutron irradiation. However, monitoring the boron distribution is a fundamental problem in BNCT. Prompt gamma rays emitted by boron capture reaction can be used to address the issue. Materials and Methods: The general-purpose Monte Carlo toolkits Geant4 and MCNP were used for the simu...

Immunization with an inactivated virus is one of the strategies currently being tested towards developing a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. One methods used to inactivate viruses exposure high doses ionizing radiation damage their nucleic acids. Although gamma-rays effectively induce lesions in RNA, envelope proteins are also highly damaged process. This turn may alter antigenic properties, affecting capac...

We report on the first detailed measurements of electron backscattering from low Z targets at energies up to 124 keV. Both energy and angular distributions of the backscattered electrons are measured and compared with electron transport simulations based on the GEANT4 and Penelope Monte Carlo simulation codes. Comparisons are also made with previous, less extensive, measurements and with measur...

The light output response and the neutron and gamma-ray detection efficiency are determined for liquid scintillator EJ-309. The light output function is compared to those of previous studies. Experimental efficiency results are compared to predictions from GEANT4, MCNPX and PENELOPE Monte Carlo simulations. The differences associated with the use of different light output functions are discussed.