The concept was appealing in its simplicity. Traditional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibited both isoforms of the enzyme cyclooxygenase responsible for the first step in the conversion of arachidonic acid into a variety of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes throughout the body. The anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects of NSAIDs resulted from inhibition of ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews selected publications related to nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastroduodenal toxicity in recent years. RECENT FINDINGS This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest evidence on the epidemiology of NSAID-induced gastroduodenal injury, recommendations on optimal gastroprotective regimens among patients in need of NSAID, ri...

Wound healing is an appropriate response to inflammation and tissue injury in the gastrointestinal tract. If wound healing responses are excessive, perpetuated, or prolonged, they lead to fibrosis, distortion of tissue architecture, and loss of function. This introductory editorial and the minireviews or reviews in this themes series highlight the diversity in severity and location of fibrosis ...

This study aimed to estimate the adverse events (AE) rate during anti-tuberculosis treatment and to explore AE-related risk factors. New and previously treated smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) cases were enrolled from eight regions in China between April 2009 and October 2010. The AE rate was estimated, and AE risk factors during anti-TB treatment were assessed using Cox proportional models. Am...

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most highly prescribed drugs in the world. Their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic actions may be beneficial; however, they are associated with severe side effects including gastrointestinal injury and peptic ulceration. Though several approaches for limiting these side effects have been adopted, like the use of COX-2 specific dr...

Abstract In December 2019 a newly described single-stranded coronavirus, later named SARS-CoV-2, started its expansion around the world and subsequently caused global pandemic, affecting lives of millions people worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 can bind multiple receptors on different cells thus invade many target organs, including respiratory gastrointestinal mucous membranes, lungs, central nervous syst...

An 18 year old man developed recurrent haematemesis 12 years after colonic interposition for corrosive injury to the oesophagus. A colonic ulcer close to the cologastric anastomosis appeared to have fistulated into the cavity of the left ventricle. This so far unreported complication needs to be considered when patients who have had coloesophageal substitution present with gastrointestinal blee...

Liver is a versatile organ of the body that regulates internal chemical environment. Liver injury induced by various hepatotoxins has been recognized as a major toxicological problem for years. Because of its unique metabolic functions and relationship to the gastrointestinal tract, liver is an important target of toxicity to xenobiotics, oxidative stress, ethanol and toxic chemicals (Patel and...

1. Discuss appropriate strategies to minimize oxygen free radical injury to the developing eyes, brain, lung, and gastrointestinal tract. 2. Describe the effects of oxygen toxicity on the developing nervous system 3. Identify the ideal limits for establishing Sp0 2 at specific gestational ages and postnatal ages 4. Describe the best initiatives to improve staff compliance to prescribed Sp0 2 li...