The rBle of the loss of gastrointestinal secretions in the pathogenesis of intestinal obstruction has become recognized as one of great importance. The chemical changes produced by the loss of gastric juice have been studied by MacCallum and coworkers (l), Haden and Orr (2), Gamble and Ross (3), Hastings, Murray, and Murray (4), and Dragstedt and Ellis (5). The changes produced by the loss of p...

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used though an association with hypomagnesaemia and hypocalcaemia has only been described since 2006. Patients typically present after years of stable dosing with musculoskeletal, neurological or cardiac arrhythmic symptoms, but it is likely that many cases are under-recognised. Magnesium levels resolve rapidly on discontinuation of PPI therapy and hypom...

The viability of the coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori was evaluated by assessing protein synthesis. Metabolic labeling studies showed the synthesis of proteins and the specific protein profiles of H. pylori coccoids produced under various conditions. Harsh conditions such as aerobiosis and starvation (lack of horse serum) in the culture did not affect the synthesis of proteins in the coccoi...

In vitro digestion studies often use animal digestive enzyme extracts as substitutes of human gastric and pancreatic secretions. Pancreatin from porcine origin is thus commonly used to provide relevant enzymes such proteases, amylase lipase. Rabbit (RGE) have been recently introduced lipase in addition pepsin. Before preparing simulated with targeted activities described protocols, it important...

The function of human purified colostral and gastrointestinal IgA has been studied by its ability to agglutinate common gastrointestinal organisms. Agglutinating activity was unaffected by trypsin or acid but it was abolished rapidly by pepsin. Both colostral and gastrointestinal IgA agglutinated a wide range of enteric organisms. Variations in this activity occurred between different individua...

(1) Excessive pharyngeal secretions irritating the vocal chords may have initiated laryngeal spasm and respiratory arrest, the consequent hypoxia in turn provoking cardiac arrest. When pharyngeal insufflation via a facemask is used in such circumstances air is delivered under pressure to both the vocal cord and the cricopharyngeal sphincter. The reflex activity of the glottis is greater than th...