This book contains the successful invited submissions [1–15] to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Biomass Chars: Elaboration, Characterization, and Applications”. The invited editors have decided to focus the Special Issue on the specific topic of biomass transformation and use. In fact, biomass can be converted to energy, biofuels, and bioproducts, via thermochemical conversi...

In this paper, multi-layer feed forward neural networks are used to predict the lower heating value of gas (LHV), lower heating value of gasification products including tars and entrained char (LHVp) and syngas yield during gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW) during gasification in a fluidized bed reactor. These artificial neural networks (ANNs) with different architectures are trained ...

Developing countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, face large challenges to achieve universal electrification. Using the case of Ghana, this study explores the role that rice residues can play to help developing countries meet their electrification needs. In Ghana, Levelised Electricity Costs (LEC) of a gridconnected 5 MWe straw combustion plant ranged between 11.6 and 13.0 UScents/kWh, ba...

Sewage sludge management is an energy intensive process. Anaerobic digestion contributes to energy efficiency improvement but is limited by the biological process. A review has been conducted prior to experimentation in order to evaluate the mass and energy balances on anaerobic digestion followed by gasification of digested sludge. The purpose was to improve energy recovery and reuse. Calculat...

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a promising option for the recovery of low-rank and inaccessible coal resources. Detailed mineralogical information is essential to understand underground reaction conditions far from the surface and optimize the operation parameters during the UCG process. It is also significant in identifying the environmental effects of UCG residue. In this paper, with ...

Introduction: Current energy sources are coming to end and one of the main priorities of the country’s management is the energy recovery from renewable energy. Considerable quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the most serious urban pollution sources. Impact assessment matrix is a new and fast tool for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Materials and Methods: In this regard, r...

Almost one-quarter of the world's population has basic energy needs that are not being met. Efforts to increase renewable energy resources in developing countries where per capita energy availability is low are needed. Herein, we examine integrated dual use farming for sustained food security and agro-bioenergy development. Many nonedible crop residues are used for animal feed or reincorporated...

There is a large range of time and length scales of turbulent fluctuations in an entrained flow coal gasifier. To figure out the turbulent effects on coal gasification processes and the controlling mechanisms of different regions in an entrained flow coal gasifier, the characteristic time and length scales for all major processes are estimated.On the basis of the comparisonbetween the length/ti...

Being reactive and spontaneously combustible, dried Victorian brown coals can not be exported, and have to be used in mine-mouth power stations which also suffer from low efficiency and high CO2 emission. Synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) is an option for the production of liquid fuel, a transportable product for power generation and transportation. This paper presents a steady-state process mo...