Recent advancements in high-density lubricants enable P/M steels to be processed to densities approaching 7.40 g/cm in a single compaction step using heated compaction tools via the AncorMax D process. This broadens the number of suitable applications for P/M steels, including high performance gears. However, in addition to high-density, the microstructural and mechanical property requirements ...

A combination of simulation and experimental approaches to optimize the vacuum carburizing process is necessary replace costly trial-and-error method in time resources. In order accurately predict microstructure evolution mechanical properties process, a multi-field multi-scale coupled model considering interaction temperature, diffusion, phase transformation, stress was established. Meanwhile,...