Taste function requires neural circuits to transmit gustatory information from taste receptor cells in taste buds, via afferent nerves to the soma of ganglion neurons, and through central ganglion processes into the brainstem. During initial formation, the sensory ganglion neurons have a key situation in establishing receptive fields by extending neurites bidirectionally, to the peripheral tast...

Recent experimental and clinical studies have shown that the epicardial autonomic ganglia play an important role in the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). In this review, we present the current data on the role of the autonomic ganglia in the pathogenesis of AF and discuss potential therapeutic implications. Experimental studies have demonstrated that acute autonomic remode...

This is a case of four-month-old female infant who presented with clinical manifestations congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) — bilateral cataracts, poorly-dilating pupils, microcorneas, salt and pepper retinopathies seen after cataract extractions, sensorineural hearing loss, patent ductus arteriosus, microcephaly, history blueberry spots low birth weight, positive serum IgM IgG tests for rubell...

Abstract Multiphase flow in porous media often occurs with the formation and coalescence of fluid ganglia. Accurate predictions such mechanisms complex pore geometries require simulation models local mass conservation option to improve resolution areas interest. In this work, we incorporate patch-based, structured adaptive mesh refinement capabilities into a method for volume that describes beh...

Fahr syndrome is a rare anatomo-clinical entity in pediatrics. Associating calcifications of the basal ganglia with phospho-calcium metabolism disorders, most often resulting neuropsychiatric symptoms. In our study, discovery this two patients was fortuitous thanks to typical radiological appearance, associated clinical picture they initially presented, hence interest brain imaging diagnosis sy...

Highly topographic organization of neural circuits exists for the regulation of various brain functions in corticobasal ganglia circuits. Although neural circuit-specific refinement during synapse development is essential for the execution of particular neural functions, the molecular and cellular mechanisms for synapse refinement are largely unknown. Here, we show that protocadherin 17 (PCDH17...

OBJECTIVE To differentiate imaging characteristics of celiac ganglia from metastatic lesion on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in patients with lung cancer and correlate these findings to postmortem multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT). METHODS One hundred twenty-nine patients were included. Imaging characteristics and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avidity of the ...

This review aims to relate recent findings describing the role and neural connectivity of the basal ganglia to the clinical neuropsychiatry of basal ganglia movement disorders and to the role of basal ganglia disturbances in “psychiatric”’ states. Articles relating to the relevant topics were initially collected through MEDLINE and papers relating to the clinical conditions discussed were also ...

Modeling of the basal ganglia has played a substantial role in gaining insight into the mechanisms involved in the computational processes performed by this elusive group of nuclei. Models of the basal ganglia have undergone revolutionary changes over the last twenty years due to the rapid accumulation of neuroscientific data. In this chapter, we present distinct modeling approaches that can be...

We introduce a spiking neural network of the basal ganglia capable of learning stimulus-action associations. We model learning in the three major basal ganglia pathways, direct, indirect and hyperdirect, by spike time dependent learning and considering the amount of dopamine available (reward). Moreover, we allow to learn a cortico-thalamic pathway that bypasses the basal ganglia. As a result t...