Background: Advances in radiation dosimetry concepts and the development of primary measurement standards based on absorbed dose to water over the last decades offer the possibility to calibrate ionisation chambers directly in terms of absorbed dose to water. The aim of this study is the investigation on utility of artificial body fluid (ABF) instead of water by comparing dosimetric me...

The present paper describes a detailed study on the distribution of radionuclides along Chavara - Neendakara placer deposit, a high background radiation area (HBRA) along the Southwest coast of India (Kerala). Judged from our studies using HPGe gamma spectrometric detector, it becomes evident that Uranium ((238)U), Thorium ((232)Th) and Potassium ((40)K) are the major sources for radioactivity ...

The ambient background activity of gamma radiation was measured in the nearby village Meghavath Thanda, surroundings upcoming uranium mineralized site, with active and passive methods. estimated average absorbed dose ranging f from 1818 to 2296 µGy.y−1 an 2105 ± 142 µGy.y−1. radioactive elemental analysis collected soil samples area shows that 238U 232Th is higher than global associated index p...

Background: Inspection of the level of radioactivity from radionuclides in soil is important for the assessment of the exposure to natural radiation. Materials and Methods: Ten samples from soil were collected from different sites of Kirkuk-IRAQ and the level of natural radioactivity was measured using gamma-ray spectrometry based on a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. Results: It was foun...

For reasons of phantom material reproducibility, the absorbed dose protocols of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) (TG-51) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (TRS-398) have made the use of liquid water as a phantom material for reference dosimetry mandatory. In this work we provide a formal framework for the measurement of absorbed dose to water using ioniz...

introduction radiotherapy is regarded as the first treatment of choice for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. despite the advantages of radiotherapy, patients may suffer from a wide range of side-effects due to the presence of many sensitive normal tissues in these regions. if the absorbed dose exceeds the tolerance level in parotid glands and the spinal cord, myelopathy, lhermitte's sign and xeros...

Background: Natural radiation is constantly present in the environment and is emitted from a variety of natural and artificial sources. It affects human body and environment. Materials and Methods: The activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K have been determined by Gamma ray spectrometer with an HPGe detector in sediments of Cauvery River, Tamilnadu, India. Results: The absorbe...

This study was carried out to determine the presence of main radionuclides from natural and artificial radioactivity in soil Kosovo, using gamma-ray spectroscopy. The mean activity concentration for Ra-226, Th-232, K-40, Cs-137 22.32 ± 1.41, 22.14 1.31, 358.16 8.85, 12.94 0.44 Bq/kg, respectively. Radium equivalent ranged 47 100 Bq/kg. calculated values gamma index (Iγ), external hazard (Hex), ...

Ultra -high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is the current material of choice for bearing surface applications in total joint arthroplasty. In an effort to enhance the wear properties of the material many companies have recently resorted to electron beam and gamma irradiation of the components prior to the machining. It is of considerable interest to accurately determine the dose absorbe...

background: the purpose of this study was to find the accurate absorbed dose in the femur bone marrow during the x-ray radiography for constant mas and aec techniques. materials and methods: the dosxyznrc was used to simulate radiation doses in two human femurs during diagnostic radiography. egsnrc phantoms produced from actual ct images of human femurs were modified by adding seven micrometre ...