Abstract When the COVID-19 pandemic added to already elevated debt vulnerabilities in low-income countries, G20 launched Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI) and Common Framework for Treatments beyond DSSI, which have provided limited relief so far. For several deeper more wide-ranging treatments will likely be needed secure future sustainability. This paper looks at Heavily Indebted Poor ...

The tourism industry has made an enormous difference in terms of jobs, foreign exchange, and the building up infrastructure. On other hand, many infrastructures can make natural places look less attractive, which calls for sustainable tourism. It's vital to help small businesses get money through excellent digital infrastructure use public fiscal tools ensure that resources are used sustainably...

We study the (parameterized) complexity of SHIFT BRIBERY for multiwinner voting rules. We focus on the SNTV, Bloc, k-Borda, and Chamberlin-Courant, as well as on approximate variants of the Chamberlin-Courant rule, since the original rule is NP-hard to compute. We show that SHIFT BRIBERY tends to be significantly harder in the multiwinner setting than in the single-winner one by showing setting...

The goal of this paper is to propose and study properties of multiwinner voting rules (with a particular focus on rules based in some way on single-winner scoring rules). We consider, e.g., SNTV, Bloc, k-Borda, STV, and several variants of Chamberlin–Courant’s and Monroe’s rules, identify two natural approaches to defining multiwinner rules, and show that many of our rules can be captured by on...

This paper reviews quantitative estimates of the economic and environmental benefits from different forms international co-ordination on carbon pricing based modelling studies. Forms include: harmonising prices (e.g. through linking markets), extending coverage schemes, phasing out fossil fuel subsidies, developing sectoral agreements, establishing mechanisms to mitigate leakage. All co-operati...

Data is an infinite resource, a new form of capital in the knowledge economy. In absence data regulation, global technological corporations seek to expand their influence at each link chains and use market power build monopolies. can generate not only profits for tech giants but also social value; however, forces by themselves will create data-based public goods. For this, government actions ar...