Following the first enactment of living will legislation in California in 1976 the majority of the states of the USA have now passed similar laws. However, flaws have been identified in the way they work in practice and many states are considering reviewing their legislation. In Britain there is no legislation but the subject is currently commanding considerable interest. This paper assesses th...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW While patients with acute heart failure typically receive diuretics and vasodilators, contractile dysfunction and peripheral hypoperfusion also leads to a widespread use of inotropic agents despite the lack of evidence for efficacy or safety. Levosimendan, a calcium sensitizer and vasodilator, has been proposed to be superior to standard inotropes. In addition, further possibl...

Although the flow construct has been widely studied over the past decade in marketing and related fields, it has proven to be an elusive construct to measure and model. In this paper, we examine two of the most important themes in flow research in the last decade: the conceptualization and measurement of flow in online environments and the marketing outcomes of flow. In addition, while the uniq...

We have detected new clues to the composition and function of "Transfer Factor" using the direct Leucocyte Migration Inhibition (LMI) test as an in vitro assay of Dialysates of Leucocyte Extracts (DLE). This approach has revealed two opposing antigen-specific activities to be present in the same > 3500 < 12,000 DA dialysis fraction - one activity is possessed of Inducer/Helper function (Inducer...

1. Disaster Medicine Section, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA 2. Division of Disaster Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts USA 3. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts USA 4. The Operational Medicine Institute, Harvard Medical Faculty Physicians, Boston, Massachusetts USA 5. Kennedy S...

Climate change mitigation, economic growth and stability, and the ongoing depletion of oil reserves are all major drivers for the development of economically rational, renewable energy technology platforms. Microalgae have re-emerged as a popular feedstock for the production of biofuels and other more valuable products. Even though integrated microalgal production systems have some clear advant...

This paper reviews the technological, structural, and strategic change within the global pharmaceutical industry, which started in 1973 with the success of recombinant DNA. These changes significantly impact the industry paradigm and the strategy logic of a firm. We then focus on the developments within the Finnish biotechnology industry during the past five years and the future prospects and s...

This paper presents Estonian Wordnet (EstWN) with its latest developments. We are focusing on the time period of 2011–2017 because during this time EstWN project was supported by the National Programme for Estonian Language Technology (NPELT). We describe which were the goals at the beginning of 2011 and what are the accomplishments today. This paper serves as a summarizing report about the pro...

New findings from neuroscience, genetics, and experimental psychology have emerged that provide alternative explanations of many negative symptoms. We review the continuing limitations in treatment and discuss possible sources of heterogeneity among negative symptoms. We also anticipate conceptual uncertainties that may arise with forthcoming treatment developments.

Applications of nanotechnology for treatment, diagnosis, monitoring, and control of biological systems has recently been referred to as "nanomedicine" by the National Institutes of Health. Research into the rational delivery and targeting of pharmaceutical, therapeutic, and diagnostic agents is at the forefront of projects in nanomedicine. These involve the identification of precise targets (ce...