نتایج جستجو برای: fuel energy

تعداد نتایج: 718294  

2012
Mei Zhang Liming Dai

The rapid increase in the global energy consumption and the environmental impact of traditional energy resources pose serious challenges to human health, energy security, and environmental protection. One promising solution, providing clean and sustainable power, is fuel cells. Instead of burning fuel to create heat, fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electricity [1]. This energy ...

2003
Scott W. White Gerald L. Kulcinski

The amount of electrical energy produced over the lifetime of DTand DHe-fusion power plants is compared to the total amount of energy required to procure the fuel, build, operate, and decommission the power plants. The energy payback ratio is similar for the two quite different fuel cycles, 31 for DHe-fusion and 27 for DT-fusion, even though there is a significant difference in the source of in...

2006
Reinhold W. Lang

for Invited Talk at the First Annual Energy 2030 Conference, Abu Dhabi, UAE, November 1-2, 2006 1 Opportunities and Perspectives for Plastics in Coming Fossil Fuel and Solar Energy Scenarios Reinhold W. Lang 1, 2 1 Institute of Materials Science and Testing of Plastics, University of Leoben 2 Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH Franz-Josef-Straße 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria lang@unileoben.ac.at

2016
Melanie Oey Anne Linda Sawyer Ian Lawrence Ross Ben Hankamer

The global population is predicted to increase from ~7.3 billion to over 9 billion people by 2050. Together with rising economic growth, this is forecast to result in a 50% increase in fuel demand, which will have to be met while reducing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions by 50-80% to maintain social, political, energy and climate security. This tension between rising fuel demand and the requirem...

Journal: :Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 2013
Jie Yang Sasan Ghobadian Payton J Goodrich Reza Montazami Nastaran Hashemi

This paper discusses the fundamentals and developments of miniaturized fuel cells, both biological and electrochemical. An overview of microfluidic fuel cells, miniaturized microbial fuel cells, enzymatic biofuel cells, and implanted biofuel cells in an attempt to provide green energy and to power implanted microdevices is provided. Also, the challenges and applications of each type of fuel cel...

2013
Aboma Emiru Aga Torsten Fransson Peter Hagström

Sudden change on earth’s climate, which is a result of an increase in CO2 in the atmosphere, is mainly caused by burning of fossil fuels for various energy services. However, for the energy services to be favourable to the environment, there should be a balance with the environmental protection, and we can call that “Sustainable Innovative Development”. “EXPLORE Polygeneration” initiative will ...

2015
Alfredo M. Pereira Rui M. Pereira

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: Q43 Q54 C68 D58 H50 H68 Keywords: Fuel prices Endogenous growth Budgetary consolidation Climate policy Dynamic general equilibrium Portugal This paper examines the influence of fossil fuel prices on carbon dioxide emissions, economic activity, and the public sector account in Portugal. It uses a dynamic general equilibrium model which highlights the mec...

Journal: :journal of agricultural science and technology 2014
a. farjam m. omid a. akram z. fazel niari

in this study, several artificial neural networks (anns) were developed to estimate seed and grain corn yields in parsabad moghan, iran. the data was collected by a face-to-face interview method from 144 corn farms during 2011. the energy ratios for seed and grain corns were calculated as 0.89 and 2.65, respectively. several multilayer perceptron anns with six neurons in the input layer and one...

2016
Maria Johansson Maria T. Johansson

The iron and steel industry is the second largest user of energy in the world industrial sector and is currently highly dependent on fossil fuels and electricity. Substituting fossil fuels with renewable energy in the iron and steel industry would make an important contribution to the efforts to reduce emissions of CO2. However, different approaches to assessing CO2 emissions from biomass and e...

2013
N. A. Zambri A. Mohamed H. Shareef M. Z. C. Wanik

This paper presents the modeling and simulation of a hybrid proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with an energy storage system for use in a stand-alone distributed generation (DG) system. The simulation model consists of fuel cell DG, lead-acid battery, maximum power point tracking and power conditioning unit which is modeled in the MATLAB/Simulink platform. Poor loadfollowing characteris...

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function paginate(evt) { url=/search_year_filter/ var term=document.getElementById("search_meta_data").dataset.term pg=parseInt(evt.target.text) var data={ "year":filter_year, "term":term, "pgn":pg } filtered_res=post_and_fetch(data,url) window.scrollTo(0,0); } function update_search_meta(search_meta) { meta_place=document.getElementById("search_meta_data") term=search_meta.term active_pgn=search_meta.pgn num_res=search_meta.num_res num_pages=search_meta.num_pages year=search_meta.year meta_place.dataset.term=term meta_place.dataset.page=active_pgn meta_place.dataset.num_res=num_res meta_place.dataset.num_pages=num_pages meta_place.dataset.year=year document.getElementById("num_result_place").innerHTML=num_res if (year !== "unfilter"){ document.getElementById("year_filter_label").style="display:inline;" document.getElementById("year_filter_place").innerHTML=year }else { document.getElementById("year_filter_label").style="display:none;" document.getElementById("year_filter_place").innerHTML="" } } function update_pagination() { search_meta_place=document.getElementById('search_meta_data') num_pages=search_meta_place.dataset.num_pages; active_pgn=parseInt(search_meta_place.dataset.page); document.getElementById("pgn-ul").innerHTML=""; pgn_html=""; for (i = 1; i <= num_pages; i++){ if (i===active_pgn){ actv="active" }else {actv=""} pgn_li="
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  • "; pgn_html+=pgn_li; } document.getElementById("pgn-ul").innerHTML=pgn_html var pgn_links = document.querySelectorAll('.mypgn'); pgn_links.forEach(function(pgn_link) { pgn_link.addEventListener('click', paginate) }) } function post_and_fetch(data,url) { showLoading() xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.open('POST', url, true); xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'); xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { if (xhr.readyState === 4 && xhr.status === 200) { var resp = xhr.responseText; resp_json=JSON.parse(resp) resp_place = document.getElementById("search_result_div") resp_place.innerHTML = resp_json['results'] search_meta = resp_json['meta'] update_search_meta(search_meta) update_pagination() hideLoading() } }; xhr.send(JSON.stringify(data)); } function unfilter() { url=/search_year_filter/ var term=document.getElementById("search_meta_data").dataset.term var data={ "year":"unfilter", "term":term, "pgn":1 } filtered_res=post_and_fetch(data,url) } function deactivate_all_bars(){ var yrchart = document.querySelectorAll('.ct-bar'); yrchart.forEach(function(bar) { bar.dataset.active = false bar.style = "stroke:#71a3c5;" }) } year_chart.on("created", function() { var yrchart = document.querySelectorAll('.ct-bar'); yrchart.forEach(function(check) { check.addEventListener('click', checkIndex); }) }); function checkIndex(event) { var yrchart = document.querySelectorAll('.ct-bar'); var year_bar = event.target if (year_bar.dataset.active == "true") { unfilter_res = unfilter() year_bar.dataset.active = false year_bar.style = "stroke:#1d2b3699;" } else { deactivate_all_bars() year_bar.dataset.active = true year_bar.style = "stroke:#e56f6f;" filter_year = chart_data['labels'][Array.from(yrchart).indexOf(year_bar)] url=/search_year_filter/ var term=document.getElementById("search_meta_data").dataset.term var data={ "year":filter_year, "term":term, "pgn":1 } filtered_res=post_and_fetch(data,url) } } function showLoading() { document.getElementById("loading").style.display = "block"; setTimeout(hideLoading, 10000); // 10 seconds } function hideLoading() { document.getElementById("loading").style.display = "none"; } -->