The rapid increase in the global energy consumption and the environmental impact of traditional energy resources pose serious challenges to human health, energy security, and environmental protection. One promising solution, providing clean and sustainable power, is fuel cells. Instead of burning fuel to create heat, fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electricity [1]. This energy ...

The amount of electrical energy produced over the lifetime of DTand DHe-fusion power plants is compared to the total amount of energy required to procure the fuel, build, operate, and decommission the power plants. The energy payback ratio is similar for the two quite different fuel cycles, 31 for DHe-fusion and 27 for DT-fusion, even though there is a significant difference in the source of in...

for Invited Talk at the First Annual Energy 2030 Conference, Abu Dhabi, UAE, November 1-2, 2006 1 Opportunities and Perspectives for Plastics in Coming Fossil Fuel and Solar Energy Scenarios Reinhold W. Lang 1, 2 1 Institute of Materials Science and Testing of Plastics, University of Leoben 2 Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH Franz-Josef-Straße 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria [email protected]

The global population is predicted to increase from ~7.3 billion to over 9 billion people by 2050. Together with rising economic growth, this is forecast to result in a 50% increase in fuel demand, which will have to be met while reducing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions by 50-80% to maintain social, political, energy and climate security. This tension between rising fuel demand and the requirem...

This paper discusses the fundamentals and developments of miniaturized fuel cells, both biological and electrochemical. An overview of microfluidic fuel cells, miniaturized microbial fuel cells, enzymatic biofuel cells, and implanted biofuel cells in an attempt to provide green energy and to power implanted microdevices is provided. Also, the challenges and applications of each type of fuel cel...

Sudden change on earth’s climate, which is a result of an increase in CO2 in the atmosphere, is mainly caused by burning of fossil fuels for various energy services. However, for the energy services to be favourable to the environment, there should be a balance with the environmental protection, and we can call that “Sustainable Innovative Development”. “EXPLORE Polygeneration” initiative will ...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: Q43 Q54 C68 D58 H50 H68 Keywords: Fuel prices Endogenous growth Budgetary consolidation Climate policy Dynamic general equilibrium Portugal This paper examines the influence of fossil fuel prices on carbon dioxide emissions, economic activity, and the public sector account in Portugal. It uses a dynamic general equilibrium model which highlights the mec...

in this study, several artificial neural networks (anns) were developed to estimate seed and grain corn yields in parsabad moghan, iran. the data was collected by a face-to-face interview method from 144 corn farms during 2011. the energy ratios for seed and grain corns were calculated as 0.89 and 2.65, respectively. several multilayer perceptron anns with six neurons in the input layer and one...

The iron and steel industry is the second largest user of energy in the world industrial sector and is currently highly dependent on fossil fuels and electricity. Substituting fossil fuels with renewable energy in the iron and steel industry would make an important contribution to the efforts to reduce emissions of CO2. However, different approaches to assessing CO2 emissions from biomass and e...

This paper presents the modeling and simulation of a hybrid proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with an energy storage system for use in a stand-alone distributed generation (DG) system. The simulation model consists of fuel cell DG, lead-acid battery, maximum power point tracking and power conditioning unit which is modeled in the MATLAB/Simulink platform. Poor loadfollowing characteris...