Database annotations of prokaryotic genomes and eukaryotic mRNA sequences pay relatively low attention to frame transitions that disrupt protein-coding genes. Frame transitions (frameshifts) could be caused by sequencing errors or indel mutations inside protein-coding regions. Other observed frameshifts are related to recoding events (that evolved to control expression of some genes). Earlier, ...

Femtosecond laser has been proposed as a method for conditioning zirconia surfaces to boost bond strength. However, metallic or ceramic bracket bonding to femtosecond laser-treated zirconia surfaces has not been tested. This study compared the effects of four conditioning techniques, including femtosecond laser irradiation, on shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic and ceramic brackets to zircon...

Intuitively, a task is local if the output value of each process depends only on the process’ own input value, not on the input values of the other processes; a task is non-local otherwise. In this paper, we use the failure detector abstraction to determine the minimum information about failures that is necessary to solve non-local tasks in message-passing systems. More precisely, we show that ...

It is unclear whether intrinsic excitabilities of specific interneurons are modulated by sensory experiences. Here, I examined the intrinsic excitabilities of interneurons in "sensory-spared" and "sensory-deprived" cortices of GAD67-GFP mice. The results showed that whisker trimming, begun at postnatal day 7 for 3 wk, induced significant changes in intrinsic and firing properties of fast-spikin...

klärt werden. Oberhalb von etwa 1 0 mMol/1 Kalium im Außenmedium ist das Carriersystem mit Kalium praktisch gesättigt, so daß im hypertonen Medium nur Kalium aufgrund seiner höheren Spezifität zum Carrier, nicht aber Natrium, in die Zelle transportiert wird. In hypotonen Medien ist bei erniedrigter Kaliumund Natrium-Außenkonzentration zwar der Carrier des Influxes an Kalium nicht gesättigt, den...

Für die Präzisionslandwirtschaft wird eine immer detailliertere Erfassung, Auswertung und Speicherung von Pflanzenparametern nötig. Die Daten können für teilflächenspezifischen Pflanzenschutz und Düngungsmaßnahmen des Bestands eingesetzt werden. Da das verwendete LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) System nicht speziell für die Landwirtschaft entwickelt wurde, ist eine Verifizierung der Anwendb...

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We efficiently combine unpredictability and verifiability by extending the Goldreich–Goldwasser–Micali construction of pseudorandom functions fs from a secret seed s, so that knowledge of s not only enables one to evaluate fs at any point x, but also to provide an NP-proof that the value fs(x) is indeed correct without compromising the unpredictability of fs at any other point for which no such...

This paper investigated the effect of inorganic chlorine on the formation of PCDD/Fs from heating polyethylene (PE) in the presence of air. There was an increase in the formation of PCDD/Fs with an increasing amount of metal chlorides except NaCl, which was not observed to have any effects on the formation of PCDD/Fs without the presence of catalysts. Although the levels of PCDD/Fs formation in...

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of premature disability, yet few prospective studies have examined functional status (FS) among persons with CVD. Our aim was to examine patterns of change in FS prior to and after hospitalization for nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure among members of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study cohort....