The frequency of lambda light chain (L) producing cells in immunoglobulin-producing cells that have been generated in vitro from bone marrow pre-B cells was investigated. The frequency of lambda-producing cells obtained in such a culture was three- to eightfold higher than that observed in the culture of mature spleen B cells. These results suggest that the activation of lambda gene at pre-B ce...

The frequency of occurence of words plays an important role in human visual and auditory word recognition processes. Psychologist usually employ lexical frequencies estimates based on corpora consisting of books, journal articles... Using web pages as a sample is an alternative, and attractive option (Blair, 2002). Several Internet search engines report the number of pages containing a given ta...

the educational system is one of the important trends in every society in order to develop and promote individuals’ entrepreneurial skills. the purpose of this study is the contents of vocational training textbooks of middle school program based on the entrepreneurial components. the method of this study is descriptive with the content analysis type. the population includes the contents of thre...

iontophoresis of epinephrine for assessment of neuromuscular junction response is a new technique that can improve diagnose of neuromuscular dysfunction. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of iontophoresis of epinephrine on neuromuscular junction response. iontophoresis of epinephrine solution (1mg/ml), sodium chloride, calcium gluconate, epinephrine with sodium chloride a...

BACKGROUND The glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) gene is involved in detoxification of electrophilic substances of tobacco smoke. A polymorphism at nucleotide 315 of this gene alters its enzymatic activity. OBJECTIVE We analyzed the association between the variability in the GSTP1 gene and impairment in lung function in smokers with and without alpha(1)-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency and COP...

Ovarian carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of CD4+CD25+CD127regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the peripheral blood of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and to explore their immune regulatory roles. 118 female patients with EOC and 30 healthy women were recruited. The percentage of CD4+CD2...

BACKGROUND In Germany copayment for medical consultation was eliminated in 2013, and in Spain universal health coverage was partly restricted in 2012. This study shows the relationship between income and the use of health services before and after these measures in each country. METHODS Data were taken from the 2009 and 2014 Socio-Economic Panel conducted in Germany, and from the 2009 and 201...

PURPOSE To correlate vibration frequency and duration at Doppler vibrometry with stenosis severity determined at catheter angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen patients (eight women) scheduled to undergo abdominal or pelvic angiography were recruited after providing informed consent. An ultrasonography (US) scanner was customized to acquire raw echo data before conventional Doppler proce...

BACKGROUND Instability in the organization and expression of the genetic material has been hypothesized as the basic mechanism of ageing. OBJECTIVE To quantify the effect of ageing on chromosomal damage as measured by spontaneous micronuclei (MN) frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes. METHOD Analysis of a large population sample from two laboratories applying the cytokinesis-block techn...