A Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) or Fast Frequency Shift Keying (FFSK) coherent demodulating algorithm is discussed. Both carrier synchronisation and optimal symbol correlation are done within two decision switched Costas loops, each operating at one of the reference signal frequencies. Simulation shows the demodulator to be robust against phase distortion and frequency drift in the received signal...

We have measured the spectral linewidths of three continuous-wave quantum cascade lasers operating at terahertz frequencies by heterodyning the free-running quantum cascade laser with two far-infrared gas lasers. Beat notes are detected with a GaAs diode mixer and a microwave spectrum analyzer, permitting very precise frequency measurements and giving instantaneous linewidths of less than -30 k...

BACKGROUND Flutter VRP1, Shaker, and Acapella are devices that combine positive expiratory pressure (PEP) and oscillations. OBJECTIVES To compare the mechanical performance of the Flutter VRP1, Shaker, and Acapella devices. METHODS An experimental platform and a ventilator, used a flow generator at 5, 10, 15, 20, 26, and 32 L/min, were employed at angles of -30°, 0°, and +30° to evaluate Fl...

The scale-down of CMOS technology has been the driving force for the realization of high-performance very-large scale integration (VLSI) systems [1]. As the MOSFET channel length is reduced to 50nm and below, the suppression of the off-state leakage becomes an increasingly difficult technological challenge. However, the off-state leakage can be utilized as the operating current to achieve ultra...

Perfect absorption of radiation in a graphene sheet may play a pivotal role in the realization of technologically relevant optoelectronic devices. In particular, perfect absorption of radiation in the terahertz (THz) spectral range would tremendously boost the utility of graphene in this difficult range of photon energies, which still lacks cheap and robust devices operating at room temperature...

The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is a fundamental spintronic charge-to-charge-current conversion phenomenon and closely related to spin-to-charge-current by the spin effect. Future high-speed devices will crucially rely on such phenomena at terahertz (THz) frequencies. Here, it revealed that AHE remains operative from DC up 40 THz with flat frequency response in thin films of three technological...

Millimeter wave and far-infrared frequencies (f > 100 GHz) remain one of the most underdeveloped frequency ranges, even though there are a great number of potential applications in remote sensing, spectroscopy, plasma diagnostics, and communications. This is because the millimeter wave and far-infrared frequency range falls between two other frequency ranges in which conventional semiconductor ...

Abstract—In this research, a compact printed antenna design operating on ultra-wideband (UWB) and three extra wireless communication bands is proposed. An ellipse-shaped monopole is utilized to realize UWB application (3.1–10.6 GHz). The modified ground employs three folded Capacitive Loaded Line Resonators (CLLRs) to obtain triple relatively lower communication bands, including parts of global...

Plasmas with two electron populations having different temperatures are known to occur in thermonuclear fusion research devices, laser plasma experiments, space plasmas, multipole laboratory devices, etc. A number of studies in small basic research machines [1, 2, 3] have shown that in such plasmas, two electron plasma wave (EPW) modes may under certain circumstances occur simulta­ neously. One...

We have used 3-D coupled field structural finite element models to study the acoustic wave propagation characteristics of diamond/AlN/LiNbO3 multilayered piezoelectric surface acoustic wave devices for applications in chemical and biological sensing. These devices were studied as a method to increase device frequency and sensitivity, and maintain standard fabrication procedures. Although recent...