Abstract. The ploughing of soils in autumn drastically loosens the soil structure and, at same time, reduces its stability against external stresses. A fragmentation these artificially produced clods during wintertime is often observed areas with air temperatures fluctuating around freezing point. From pore perspective, it still unclear (i) under which conditions frost action has a measurable e...

A three-dimensional central composite design was used to study the effect of glycerol level, freeze rate, and thaw rate on acrosomal retention and percent motility. Glycerol levels examined were: 1, 4, 7, 10 and 13%. Average freeze rates between 1 0 and 8 0 C examined were: 6.5, 13.1, 26.3, 52.5 and 105.0 C/minute. Thaw rates studied were achieved by plunging straws into water at 5 C for 2 rain...

This contribution deals with the possibility to use waste vitrified tiles (VT) in high-performance concrete. Silica powder normally used concrete is replaced by 25, 50, 75 and 100 %. The basic experiments are tested, such as water absorption, flexural strength compressive strength. durability examined, freeze-thaw resistance tested freeze cycles. results evaluated compared reference concrete, c...

The deterioration of concrete microstructures in freeze–thaw (F–T) cycles is the primary reason for reduction service life concrete. This paper reviews recent progress theory damage mechanisms and models F–T cycles. It a detailed review salt-freeze coupling condition, microstructure testing, evolution properties that are subjected to damage. Summarized this water phase transition; mechanism chl...