The definition of North America as a sub-region the New World from end Cold War to post-Cold era is still perennial problem. paper focuses on analysis status three countries in during period 1980 through 2022. By using comparative method, content legal point view, and historiographical statistical methods, offers an answer research question: Can Canada, Mexico, United States nourish idea common...

This article examines the quality level of trade between Canada and the United States, 1979–2003, to investigate the relevance of staples theory for Canada. After disentangling the quality levels of trade, it is found that the pattern of quality-level trade changed significantly around the time free trade was established between Canada and the United States. Before free trade, Canada was moving...

The paper analyzes the network structure of international trade. Adapting a network approach developed in the physical sciences, we propose that international trade functions like a scale-free network. For each commodity group we calculate a characteristic parameter which reflects the structure of its trading network. We then insert this variable into an expanded gravity model to explore the ef...

To investigate dynamic paths of network formation of free trade agreements (FTAs), we conduct simulations of Goyal and Joshi’s (2006) model of FTA network formation game with many countries. We compare the results between two protocols regarding the choice of the pair that decides if they form (or sever) an FTA link in each round in the network evolution. The first protocol is the random protoc...

The breathtaking pace of global economic integration owes in large part to the globalization of economic thought embodied in general free market principles. Cautionary tales of the perils of free trade are often just that, cautionary. Most such authors are not against free trade per se; instead they attempt to draw attention to the need for the creation of institutions that can support such trade.