This paper presents novel circuit configurations to realize Neuron Activation Function (NAF) and the Derivative of Neuron Activation Function (DNAF) with low power dissipation. The circuits realize NAF and DNAF simultaneously with programmable characteristics. In the proposed configurations, tan sigmoid and log sigmoid NAFs and their derivative can be obtained from the same circuit simultaneous...

We consider digital expansions in lattices with endomorphisms acting as base. We focus on the w-non-adjacent form (w-NAF), where each block of w consecutive digits contains at most one non-zero digit. We prove that for su ciently large w and an expanding endomorphism, there is a suitable digit set such that each lattice element has an expansion as a w-NAF. If the eigenvalues of the endomorphism...

Life requires orchestrated control of cell proliferation, cell maintenance, and cell death. Involved in these decisions are protein complexes that assimilate a variety of inputs that report on the status of the cell and lead to an output response. Among the proteins involved in this response are nutrient-deprivation autophagy factor-1 (NAF-1)- and Bcl-2. NAF-1 is a homodimeric member of the nov...

Human kallikreins (hK) 2, 3, 6 and 10 are expressed in breast and prostate tissue. hK2 and hK3 (prostate-specific antigen, PSA) are used to screen for prostate cancer. hK6 and hK10 are downregulated in breast cancer compared to normal breast tissue. We demonstrated that levels of PSA in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) are lower in women with breast cancer than in normal women. We hypothesize that t...

This study sought to evaluate the microhardness of enamel submitted to 10% carbamide peroxide treatment and different methods of remineralization involving sodium fluoride (NaF). Non-erupted third molars were used and 75 enamel blocks with standardized dimensions (4.0 x 4.0 x 2.0 mm) were obtained. Enamel blocks were randomly divided into five groups (n = 15): one control (no bleaching and no f...

For an integer w ≥ 2, a radix 2 representation is called a width-w nonadjacent form (w-NAF, for short) if each nonzero digit is an odd integer with absolute value less than 2w−1, and of any w consecutive digits, at most one is nonzero. In elliptic curve cryptography, the w-NAF window method is used to efficiently compute nP where n is an integer and P is an elliptic curve point. We introduce a ...

PURPOSE To determine whether bone metabolic activity corresponds to bone and cartilage damage in patients with patellofemoral pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS We acquired magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (18) F-NaF positron emission tomography (PET) / computed tomography (CT) scans of the knees of 22 subjects. We compared locations of increased tracer uptake on the (18) F-NaF PET images to bon...

The computation of P over elliptic curves is the dominant operation. It depends on the representation of the scalar . The binary method is the standard unsigned method that is used to compute the elliptic curve point . Researchers found that it is not the most efficient way for implementing elliptic curve computations. Other recoding methods such as CR, NAF, and MOF were presented in order to e...

From NMR line width experiments on the diffusion of Naf and Li+ ions in AgBr activation enthalpies of h(Naf) = (1.21 f 0.05) eV and h(Lif) = (0.88 f 0.04) eV are deduced for NMR correlation times. Correlation effects in impurity diffusion are inferred from a comparison of the NMR data to results from conductivity and tracer diffusion. Naf ions are found to perform an almost perfect random walk....

CHR∨ has emerged as a versatile knowledge representation language, usable for an unparalleled variety of automated reasoning tasks: constraint solving, optimization, classification, subsumption, classical deduction, abduction, truth-maintenance, belief revision, belief update and planning. In this paper, we add default reasoning to this list, by showing how to represent default logic theories i...