Functional residual capacity (FRC) and breath-by-breath compliance of the ventilatory system (Crs) were measured in 10 mechanically ventilated patients during anaesthesia for lung surgery (pneumonectomy, lobectomy, lung or pleural resections or exploratory thoracotomy). In eight patients not requiring pneumonectomy, FRC of the lower lung decreased by 8 +/- 9% (mean +/- 1 SD) (P less than 0.05) ...

The threat to safety of aging bridges has been recognized as a critical concern to the general public due to the poor condition of many bridges in the U.S. Currently, the bridge inspection is conducted manually, and it is not efficient to identify bridge condition deterioration in order to facilitate implementation of appropriate maintenance or rehabilitation procedures. In this paper, we repor...

Cattle transportation by commercial truck carrier is common in the United States, and often cattle are placed within 1 of 8 potential compartments within the truck for the journey. The objective of this research was to determine potential associations between animal wellness (as measured by ADG and health outcomes) during a relatively short backgrounding phase (46.6 +/- 8.5 d) and location with...

Background: Bridge deck inspection is essential task to monitor the health of the bridges. Condition monitoring and timely implementation of maintenance and rehabilitation procedures are needed to reduce future costs associated with bridge management. A number of Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) technologies are currently used in bridge deck inspection and evaluation, including impact-echo (IE),...

In this work, the temporal variations in ionospheric F region current (FRC) during 2022 volcanic eruption Tonga are reported for first time. The FRC increased and underwent several polarity reversals following eruption, as observed by dual Swarm satellites. By combining neutral wind observations derived from Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) satellite, we attempt to reveal potential physic...

1. The pattern of breathing in 12 patients with severe irreversible airflow obstruction has been studied during ventilatory stimulation by rebreathing CO2. Mean maximum tidal volume response was only 1.23 +/- 0.30 litres (mean +/- SD); this represented 65% of mean measured vital capacity and 82% of mean measured inspiratory capacity. During the course of rebreathing mean total breath duration w...

A simple probabilistic model is devised to determine the number of shuffles required for the bottom card of a deck to become uniformly distributed with a specified tolerance. This number is a lower bound on the number of shuffles needed for the entire deck to be randomly mixed. We wish to find a lower bound on the number of riffle shuffles required to mix a deck of k cards. In such a shuffle, t...

Disinfected water at the water treatment plant may be polluted again when the water is being transported. Hence, the water should be protected against the possible pollutions by keeping the disinfectant residues in the transportation line. If chlorine is selected as the disinfectant, it will be added to the water in a way that its residue remains in the line so as to prevent any unpredicted pol...