The depletion of fossil fuels and their market inequality have led to the popularity biofuels. Biofuels are a renewable energy source which can be promising solution environmental issues created by fuels. emission greenhouse gases fluctuating prices put pressure on developing countries small economic nations. Thus, one main concerns is production bio jet fuel from resources, with relatively low...

The development of biofuels is not only related to energy and environment, but also closely the global wealth gap food security. In recent years, with rapid economy increasing population, demand for increasing. At same time, due negative impact use fossil fuels on more people are beginning consider using as substitutes. As a kind biofuel, grain fuel has attracted attention. Food ...

The increase in PV capacities mainly in Germany had in 2011 on some days significant impacts on spot market prices at the German electricity exchange. The core objective of this paper is to investigate the possible effects of a further uptake of PV on the prices in the EU-4 (German-French-Austrian-Swiss) electricity market. We analyse two major effects: (i) the direct impact of PV at specific t...

We develop a fundamental model for spot electricity prices, based on stochastic processes for underlying factors (fuel prices, power demand and generation capacity availability), as well as a parametric form for the bid stack function which maps these price drivers to the power price. Using observed bid data, we find high correlations between the movements of bids and the corresponding fuel pri...

Fuel cell is one of the best alternatives of fossil energy. However, there are still two barriers: the durability and reliability, which block the wide application of fuel cells. To overcome these barriers, fault diagnosis is an efficient solution. This paper proposes a method for detection of common faults occurring in membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) of fuel cells using image processing to...

To prevent further increases in energy consumption, the government of Iran commenced energy subsidy reform in 2010. This paper investigates the fuel conservation effects of the reform in Iran using a homothetic translog cost function that provides estimates of the own- and cross-price elasticities of fuel demands. The percentage reduction in fuel demands is estimated using the likely effect of ...

-Starting with information from Indian Point 1, a full size nuclear plant with fossil-fuel superheat which was built and operated, this paper examines the effect of superheat on both energy and exergy performance, as well as on the thermoeconomics of such plants. The study finds that adding superheat to the nearly saturated steam generated by water-cooled nuclear reactors increases the amount o...

When entering the field of wave energy utilization it is relevant to ask—why is it important to start utilizing this resource? The reasons for this are shared with other renewable energy sources, such as hydro, wind, solar, biomass and other ocean energy forms such as tidal, currents, thermal and salinity driven systems. The key issues that the use of renewable energy sources can help to overco...

Fossil fuel derived pollutants (SO2, NO), dry air and cold increase the incidence of S. pneumoniae infections http://ow.ly/RnLW30gogb1.