Invasive habitat-forming species cause large changes to the abiotic environment, whichmay lead to lethal and sublethal effects on native fauna. In this study, we tested whether morphological anti-predator traits of an infaunal bivalve, Anadara trapezia, differed between areas invaded by the habitat-forming seaweed Caulerpa taxifolia and uninvaded habitats in estuaries in New South Wales, Austra...

Maerl beds are sensitive biogenic habitats built by an accumulation of loose-lying, non-geniculate coralline algae. While these habitats are considered hot-spots of marine biodiversity, the number and distribution of maerl-forming species is uncertain because homoplasy and plasticity of morphological characters are common. As a result, species discrimination based on morphological features is n...

Pairs of taxa are commonly found in lichen-forming ascomycetes that differ primarily in their reproductive modes: one taxon reproduces sexually, the other vegetatively. The evolutionary processes underlying such "species pairs" are unknown. The species pair formed by Porpidia flavocoerulescens (sexual) and Porpidia melinodes (vegetative) was chosen to investigate four previously proposed hypoth...

genus meriones is the dominant member of gerbils in the palaearctic region, particularly in aride region of asia. this is also one of the most typical genus of subfamily gerbillinae with about 17 morphospecies namely: m. persicus, m. hurrianae, m. zarudnyi m. vinogradovi, m. meridianus, m. libycus, m. crassus, m. tristrami, m. rex, m. tamariscinus, m. unguiculatus, m. shawi, m. grandis, m. sacr...

Long-chain proline-rich antimicrobial peptides such as bumblebee abaecin show minimal activity against Gram-negative bacteria despite binding efficiently to specific intracellular targets. We recently reported that bumblebee abaecin interacts with Escherichia coli DnaK but shows negligible antibacterial activity unless it is combined with sublethal doses of the pore-forming peptide hymenoptaeci...

The sensitivity of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage col ony-forming cells to 4 anthracyclines, carminomycin, marcellomycin, aclacinomycin A, and A/,A/-dibenzyldaunorubicin, was studied using the agar diffusion chamber technique which allows exposure of target cells to drug metabolized by the chamberbearing host after i.v. injection. Colony-forming cells from mice, dogs, and humans were all fo...

13.4 Mat-Forming Species .................................................... 375 13.4.1 Community Structure ...................................................... 375 13.4.2 Mat Structure and Pigments ............................................ 377 13.4.3 PAR and UVR Responses ............................................... 379 13.4.4 Nutrient Supply .............................................

A nitro-substituted dipyrrolylphenol was synthesized as a precursor of a π-electronic anion, whose phenolate (phenoxide) moiety upon deprotonation was stabilized by the hydrogen-bond-donating pyrrole NH, thus forming solid-state ion pairs with various cationic species.

The ability to produce water-soluble proteins with the capacity to oligomerize and form pores within cellular lipid bilayers is a trait conserved among nearly all forms of life, including humans, single-celled eukaryotes, and numerous bacterial species. In bacteria, some of the most notable pore-forming molecules are protein toxins that interact with mammalian cell membranes to promote lysis, d...

The weakly coordinating carborane anion in ion-like trialkylsilyl species R3Si(CHB11Cl11) can be displaced by nucleophiles as weak as ortho-dichlorobenzene, SO2 and trialkylsilanes, the latter forming nearly linear hydride bridges in R3Si-H-SiR3+ cations.