Water blooms formed by potentially toxic species of cyanobacteria are a common phenomenon in the Baltic Sea in late summer. Twenty-five cyanobacterial bloom samples were collected from open and coastal waters of the Baltic Sea during 1985 to 1987, and their toxicity was determined by mouse bioassay. All of 5 bloom samples from the southern Baltic Sea, 6 of 6 from the open northern Baltic Sea (G...

We investigate structural properties of statistical zero knowledge (SZK) both in the interactive and in the non-interactive model. Specifically, we look into the closure properties of SZK languages under monotone logical formula composition. This gives rise to new protocol techniques. We show that interactive SZK for random self reducible languages (RSR) (and for CO-RSR) is closed under monoton...

Segerberg established an analogue of the canonical model theorem in modal logic for infinitary modal logic. However, the logics studied by Segerberg and Goldblatt are based on denumerable sets of pairs 〈Γ, α〉 of sets Γ of well-formed formulae and well-formed formulae α. In this paper I show how a generalisation of the infinite cut-rule used by Segerberg and Goldblatt enables the removal of the ...

Poorly translated text is often disfluent and difficult to read. In contrast, well-formed translations require less time to process. In this paper, we model the differences in reading patterns of Machine Translation (MT) evaluators using novel features extracted from their gaze data, and we learn to predict the quality scores given by those evaluators. We test our predictions in a pairwise rank...

The present article shows that the normalization of documents in limited domains, such as drug leaflets, can be improved over what can be done with current technologies and without putting more constraints on the technical writer’s work. We propose a novel approach to document normalization that uses well-formed content representations expressed at the level of communicative goals and associate...

[1] Physical mechanisms for the summertime offshore detachment of the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) into the East China Sea are examined using the high-resolution, unstructured-grid, Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). The model results suggest that isolated low salinity water lens detected west of Cheju Island can be formed by (1) a large-scale adjustment of the flow field to the Chang...

The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) has sponsored several reconnaissance teams to survey effects of the great East Japan earthquake and Tohoku tsunami. The first of these was the tsunami team, which traveled to Japan from April 15 to May 1, 2011, and focused on tsunami effects on coastal buildings, bridges, port facilities and coastal protective structures. All seven members of the t...

Warming air temperatures in the Arctic are modifying the rates of thermokarst processes along Alaska’s Arctic Coastal Plain. The Arctic Coastal Plain is dominated by thaw lakes. These kilometer-scale lakes are the most visible surface features in the region, and they provide important habitats for migratory birds. The lakes are formed by thermokarst processes, and are therefore susceptible to c...

The genetic diversity and population structure of the foliose lichenized fungus Parmelina tiliacea has been analyzed through its geographical range, including samples from Macaronesia (Canary Islands), the Mediterranean, and Eurosiberia. DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, and the translation elongation factor...

The coastal plain of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil, includes four barrier-lagoon depositional systems formed by successive Quaternary sea-level highstands that were correlated to marine isotope stages (MIS) 11, 9, 5 and 1, despite the scarcity of absolute ages. This study describes a sea-level highstand older than MIS 5, based on the stratigraphy, ages and fossils of the sh...