This paper presents an approach for inducing transformation rules that map natural-language sentences into a formal semantic representation language. The approach assumes a formal grammar for the target representation language and learns transformation rules that exploit the non-terminal symbols in this grammar. Patterns for the transformation rules are learned using an induction algorithm base...

PENG is a computer-processable controlled natural language designed for writing unambiguous and precise specifications. PENG covers a strict subset of standard English and is precisely defined by a controlled grammar and a controlled lexicon. In contrast to other controlled languages, the author does not need to know the grammatical restrictions explicitly. ECOLE, a look-ahead text editor, indi...

The primary purpose of an ADL (Architecture Description Language) is to specify the structural composition of a software system in terms of system's components and connectors through the means of a formal representational language. Many ADLs have emerged recently, none of them addresses formal analysis and verification of distributed architecture with a tractable model and an efficient mechanis...

Denotational semantics is now used widely for the formal definition of programming languages but there is a lack of appropriate tools to support language development. General purpose language implementation systems are oriented to syntax with poor support for semantics. Specialised denotational semantics based systems correspond closely to the formalism but are rendered inflexible for language ...

One of the most promising applications of mathematical knowledge management is search: Even if we restrict attention to the tiny fragment of mathematics that has been formalized, the amount exceeds the comprehension of an individual human. Based on the generic representation language MMT, we introduce the mathematical query language QMT: It combines simplicity, expressivity, and scalability whi...

The work presented in this thesis discusses various formal language formalisms that extend classical formalisms like regular expressions and context-free grammars with additional abilities, most relating to order. This is done while focusing on the impact these extensions have on the efficiency of parsing the languages generated. That is, rather than taking a step up on the Chomsky hierarchy to...

This work is an attempt to contribute to the field of systems architecture. More precisely, it deals with complex engineered systems analysis. Many informal methods for architecting such systems have been described over the past decade, but a lot of specific points still need to be clarified by a precise (mathematically formalized) definition. In particular, the languages used to manipulate sys...

We reverse-engineer a formal semantics of the Component Definition Language (CDL), which is part of the highly configurable, embedded operating system eCos. This work provides the basis for an analysis and comparison of the two variability-modeling languages Kconfig and CDL. The semantics given in this document are based on analyzing the CDL documentation, inspecting the source code of the tool...

In present scenario almost every system and working is computerized and hence all information and data are being stored in Computers. Huge collections of data are emerging. Retrieval of untouched, hidden and important information from this huge data is quite tedious work. Data Mining is a great technological solution which extracts untouched, hidden and important information from vast databases...