Premontane forest in northern Argentina and southern Bolivia represents a conservation priority due to its biological values, role of connectivity among different forest types, and precious timber resources. Premontane forest distribution has fluctuated in correspondence to habitat use and changes in climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to determine current and future distributi...

Nine different Fusarium species were isolated from Acacia koa seeds, seedpods, seedling stem and root tissues, rhizosphere soil and soil surrounding roots of diseased trees. Fusarium oxysporum, the cause of koa dieback and wilt, was not isolated from seeds or seedpods but was found most commonly on roots and soil near diseased koa seedlings. Fusarium subglutinans was the most common species iso...

Initiatives to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) are providing increasing incentives for forest protection. The collateral benefits for biodiversity depend on the extent to which emissions reductions and biodiversity conservation can be achieved in the same places. Globally, we demonstrate spatial trade-offs in allocating funds to protect forests for carbon and b...

Forest resources share attributes with many other resource systems that make difficult their governance and management in a sustainable, efficient, and equitable manner. While some ‘forests’ are small enough that fencing them or protecting their borders from intrusion is relatively easy, excluding beneficiaries from access and use of most forests is costly. The difficulty of exclusion creates t...

Recent decades have seen a rapid movement towards decentralising forest rights and tenure to local communities and indigenous groups in both developing and developed nations. Attribution of local and community rights to forests appears to be gathering increasing momentum in many tropical developing countries. Greater local control of forest resources is a response to the failure of government a...

Northbound roads from Ankara, the capital of Turkey pass through immensely wide plains containing almost no trees. There is a small hill above Tuney village located at the right side of the road 80 km north of Ankara, and it is conspicuous by a small forest. How did this forest survive until today? This is a curious question for everybody interested in nature. This study aims to review and anal...

Since the late 1990s, China has been implementing one of the largest ecological restoration initiatives in not only the country but also the world—the Natural Forest Protection Program (NFPP). An overarching question is how severe the regional deforestation had become before the NFPP was initiated and whether the forest condition in the protected area has significantly improved afterwards. The ...

Interviews with farmers (1998-2000) in 5 communities along the edge of the Sungai Wain Protection Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo, indicated that crop damage caused by sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) was higher than normal following the 1997-98 El Nifno Southern Oscillation Event. Widespread drought and forest fires reduced habitat and fruit availability for sun bears on the islands ...

The facts about the ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha) rain forest dieback are put together in abbreviated form as far as they have been revealed over the past 12 years of intensive research in Hawaii. They lead to the conclusion that this native rain forest ecosystem is made up of an irregular and dynamic mosaic of ohia cohort stands occurring side by side. These are in different and similar life ...

BACKGROUND Spatially explicit forest carbon (C) monitoring aids conservation and climate change mitigation efforts, yet few approaches have been developed specifically for the highly heterogeneous landscapes of oceanic island chains that continue to undergo rapid and extensive forest C change. We developed an approach for rapid mapping of aboveground C density (ACD; units = Mg or metric tons C ...