In Southern Mexico, shifting cultivation is creating a mosaic of agricultural lands, secondary forests, and disturbed mature forests (montañas). Increased land-use change, due to population and market pressures has changed the structure and function of these forests. This study investigates the stocks and fluxes of woody debris during the course of secondary succession. We inventoried fine ( 1....

The spatial extent of the transported materials from three road types was studied in forest soil and vegetative communities in Vermont. Hypotheses were two-fold: 1) soil chemical concentrations above background environment would reflect traffic volume and road type (highway>2-lane paved>gravel), and 2) plant communities close to the road and near roads with greater traffic will be disturbance-t...

Tissue clearing technology is currently one of the fastest growing fields in biomedical sciences. Tissue clearing techniques have become a powerful approach to understand further the structural information of intact biological tissues. Moreover, technological improvements in tissue clearing and optics allowed the visualization of neural network in the whole brain tissue with subcellular resolut...

the dominant land cover in the eastern United States, extending from New England to Florida and westward to the prairies of the Great Plains (Greeley 1925). Native American communities had certainly influenced forest composition and structure, though the magnitude and extent of their influence are subject to continuing debate (Russell 1983). It was in the 18th and 19th centuries, however, that ...

Litter chemistry varies across landscapes according to factors rarely examined simultaneously. We analyzed 11 elements in forest floor (fallen) leaves and additional litter components from 143 forest inventory plots systematically located across Puerto Rico, a tropical island recovering from large-scale forest clearing. We assessed whether three existing, independently-derived, landscape classi...

We provide a model for a futures clearinghouse to use for setting optimal levels of clearing margin, capital and price limits, which minimizes the costs to clearing firms and simultaneously protects the clearinghouse from default by clearing firms. We show how to estimate the capital requirement, which supports the clearinghouse s residual default risk that is not covered by the clearing margin...

This study analyzed the functions of shifting (phenomenon legal pluralism) and identified forest conversion at Production Forest Management Unit Dharmasraya (PFMU Dharmasraya), West Sumatra, Indonesia from March 2018 to December 2019 using a qualitative research design with case approach. The identification changes in cover by satellite images NDVI method obtain distribution cover. Discussion o...