The generation of observations is a technical process and the advances that have been made in forensic science techniques over the last 50 years have been staggering. But science is about reasoning-about making sense from observations. For the forensic scientist, this is the challenge of interpreting a pattern of observations within the context of a legal trial. Here too, there have been major ...

Among the many fields of application of Ergonomics, this research deals with the services offered to Justice from the expertise recognized by the Law on prevention of occupational risks within the framework of the Law of Civil Procedure: Ergonomics forensic also called Legal Ergonomics. In Spain there are experiences since 1995 and an important development and this paper is to investigate the a...

Dentomaxillofacial radiology is a useful tool in forensic science to reveal characteristics of the structures of the dentomaxillofacial region. Postmortem radiographs are valuable to the forensic odontologist for comparison with antemortem radiographs, which are the most consistent part of the antemortem records that can be transmitted during forensic examination procedures. By using dentomaxil...

It has been a privilege to be part of the adventure that culminated in the Royal Society’s twin events designed to enable and encourage the forensic science community to come together to discuss and plan a vision for the future, not only for the UK, but as partners in a global ecosystem. It is also an honour to present a collection of some of the presentations within the pages of the Philosophi...

I. FOREWORD: THE TWO STEPS IN FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION .................................................................. 199 II. THE INDIVIDUALIZATION FALLACY ...................................... 203 A. Reliance on the Notion of Individualization ........... 205 B. Origins and Evolution of the Notion of Individualization ..................................... 207 III. UNPROVED AND PERHAPS UNPR...

On the supposition of the human violent death cases, the liver cell area and its nucleus area of the mice which were left out in the several experimental conditions (Temperature: 4°C, 20°C and 37°C; Period: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days) were measured for estimating the postmortem time by the interactive image analysis system with computer management. By using this system, it is possible to quantify th...

We show a number of promising results in writer identification, by recasting the traditional information retrieval (IR) problem of finding documents based on the frequency of occurrence of their terms. In IR, the tf-idf is a well-known statistical measure that weighs the importance of certain terms occurring in a database of documents. Here, writers are searched on the basis of the frequency of...

Forensic science has been slow to develop as a recognised field of study. Over the past 30 years, analytical and forensic science have developed together; though the application of new analytical techniques in forensic work is retarded by the necessity of having methods of proven reliability. The many techniques now applied in forensic analysis—microscopy, spectroscopy of all types, x-ray analy...

The analysis of substances of abuse remains one of the most matured areas in forensic science with a strong scientific basis, namely analytical chemistry. The current evolving drug markets, characterized by the global emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and the need for forensic scientists to identify an unprecedented and ever-increasing number of NPS, presents a unique challenge to ...

The study of mammalian soft tissue decomposition is an emerging area in forensic science, with a major focus of the research being the use of various chemical and biological methods to study the fate of human remains in the environment. Decomposition of mammalian soft tissue is a postmortem process that, depending on environmental conditions and physiological factors, will proceed until complet...